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Bain Capital

29 people tracked

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Last 12 months
6 investments
Tracked investments
44

Team · 29 people

from public directories
Blair Hendrix· Executive Officer
Chris Gordon· Executive Officer
David Gross-Loh· Executive Officer
David Humphrey· Executive Officer
Dwight M. Poler· Executive Officer
Ian K. Loring· Executive Officer
James Boudreau· Executive Officer
Jay P. Corrigan· Executive Officer
John Connaughton· Executive Officer
John Kilgallon· Executive Officer
Jonathan Jia Zhu· Executive Officer
Joshua Bekenstein· Executive Officer
Lewis Klessel· Executive Officer
Louis Bremer· Executive Officer
Matthew S. Levin· Executive Officer
Michael D. Ward· Executive Officer
Nancy Lotane· Executive Officer
Patrick Sullivan· Executive Officer
Paul B. Edgerley· Executive Officer
Philip H. Loughlin· Executive Officer
Richard C. Albright· Executive Officer
Robert Ehrhart· Executive Officer
S. Jordan Hitch· Executive Officer
Sean M. Doherty· Executive Officer
Seth Meisel· Executive Officer
Stephen G. Pagliuca· Executive Officer
Stephen M. Zide· Executive Officer
Steven W. Barnes· Executive Officer
Todd Cook· Executive Officer

What they invest in

from 37 of 44 portfolio companies

AI & Machine Learning ×14Enterprise Software ×13SaaS ×12Hardware ×6Fintech ×5Biotech ×4Data & Infrastructure ×4Crypto & Web3 ×3

HQs:United States×25Australia×2Sweden×2Canada×1China×1Germany×1

Investments · 44 tracked

founders shown can be your intro path

By year:2026 · 52025 · 22022 · 22021 · 52015 · 32014 · 118 dated

American Hometown Mediaamericanhometownmedia.comin✓ verified

American Hometown Media offers a content syndication platform that delivers recipe and food video content to publisher websites, monetizing the content through managed advertising placements.

AdTechCreator EconomyMarketing TechMedia & EntertainmentNashville, US

Lee Daniel Hammond(Executive Officer, Director)Doli Stepniewski(CTO)inMike Meyersin

Co-investorsLaunch Tennessee

Anderaandera.ai✓ verified

Andera is an AI tool for auditors that ingests audit evidence in any format and produces audit-ready workpapers, performing AI-based control testing without requiring an engineering team.

AI & Machine LearningEnterprise SoftwareFintech

Aryo Patel(Founder)in

Co-investorsA*Bain Capital VenturesLightspeed Venture Partners

Beeline Medicinesbeelinemedicines.comin✓ verified

Beeline Medicines is a biopharmaceutical company developing medicines for patients with serious diseases.

BiotechHealthtechMedical DevicesStamford, US

Dr. Badreddin Edris(President and Chief Operating Officer)Saqib Islam(Chief Executive Officer)inNathalie Franchimont(Chief Medical Officer)in

Co-investorsBain Capital Life Sciences

Cardurioncardurion.comin✓ verified

Cardurion is a cardiovascular disease-focused company developing therapeutics, with a pipeline advanced through clinical development, trial design, regulatory affairs, and commercialization.

BiotechDigital HealthHealthtechMedical DevicesBurlington, US

Michael E. Mendelsohn(Founder and Chief Strategy Officer)inMichael Mendelsohn, M.D.(Founder)in

Co-investorsDelos CapitalDigitalis VenturesNew Enterprise Associates (NEA)Ascenta CapitalBain Capital Life SciencesBain Capital Tech Opportunities+4 more

Decodabledecodable.coSep 2021✓ verifiedAcquired

Decodable is a fully-managed, serverless real-time data platform built on Apache Flink and Debezium for ETL/ELT, reverse ETL, and stream processing.

AI & Machine LearningData & InfrastructureSaaSWalnut, US

Eric Sammer(Founder & CEO)in

BoardEthan Batraski(Director)in

Co-investorsVenrockHarpoon VenturesRackhouse Venture Management LpScribble VenturesBain Capital Ventures

Estia Healthestiahealth.com.auin✓ verified

Estia Health Limited is an Australian residential aged care provider.

Digital HealthHealthtechWellness & Fitness

Co-investorsMercury CapitalStonepeak

Granicagranica.ai✓ verified

Granica is an AI research and products company that builds enterprise AI infrastructure customers own and run inside their own environment, including Myelin (stateful infrastructure for long-running agents), Crunch (a data lake optimization engine that reduces storage and compute costs), and Large Tabular Models for generative AI on tabular data.

AI & Machine LearningData & InfrastructureEnterprise SoftwareMountain View, US

Rahul Ponnala(Co-founder & CEO)Edgar Wu(Founder)Sumit Rawat(Founder)Zhen Wang(Founder)

Co-investorsNew Enterprise Associates (NEA)Abstract VenturesSINEWAVE VENTURESBain Capital Ventures

Infiniainfinia.xyzin✓ verified

Infinia provides digital finance infrastructure that connects traditional banking networks with digital asset rails, enabling cross-border settlement and real-time treasury operations for enterprise customers in emerging markets.

Crypto & Web3Enterprise SoftwareFintechNew York, US

Ianai Urwicz(CEO)inAlejandro Rettig(CTO)in

Co-investorsVariant FundLattice CapitalReverieTekton VenturesY Combinator

Newlinknewlink.com✓ verified

Newlink is a digital energy platform that operates charging stations, gas stations, and battery storage networks, and provides quality certification and carbon reduction services for the energy sector.

B2B MarketplacesData & InfrastructureEnergyLogistics & Supply ChainMobility & TransportationSaaSBeijing, CN

戴震(Founder & CEO)王阳(Co-founder & President, Newlink Zhidian Founder & CEO)

Co-investorsChina Merchants CapitalNIO CapitalHongtai Capital Holdings

Norm Ainorm.aiin✓ verified

Norm Ai builds AI agents that automate legal and compliance tasks for large institutions, along with a verification layer for AI agents and an affiliated AI-native law firm.

AI & Machine LearningEnterprise SoftwareLegalTechNew York, US

John Nay(Founder)inMike Schmidtberger(Chairman and Partner, Norm Law)in

Co-investorsCoatue ManagementCraft VenturesKhosla VenturesBain Capital VenturesBlackstoneNew York Life+5 more

Ravenraven.computerin𝕏✓ verified

Raven builds Raven Prism, a wearable ambient computer designed for technical creatives, with both hardware and software developed in-house.

AI & Machine LearningDeep TechHardwareSan Francisco, US

Tom Suarez(Founder)

Co-investorsDraper AssociatesHorizonNorwest Venture Partners

SafeBreach Attack Simulation Platformsafebreach.comin𝕏✓ verified

SafeBreach offers a continuous threat exposure management (CTEM) platform that combines breach and attack simulation, attack path validation, and an AI agent to help enterprise security teams identify, prioritize, and remediate cyber risk.

AI & Machine LearningCybersecurityEnterprise SoftwareSaaS

Guy Bejerano(CEO & Co-founder)inItzik Kotler(CTO & Co-founder)inMichal Weiner(Chief Financial Officer)inRaman Kumar(Chief Customer Officer)in

Co-investorsOCV PartnersDTCP33NBright Pixel CapitalDnx VenturesEmerald Development Managers+2 more

Sduisdui.dein✓ verified

Sdui is a digital platform that helps schools and kindergartens in Europe digitalize their operations and daily activities.

EdTechEnterprise SoftwareSaaS

Co-investorsFranz Haniel & Cie. GmbHPando Ventures

American Trailer WorksJun 2015

Advanced ManufacturingSouthlake, US

Thomas C. Keene(Executive Officer, Director)Doug Z. Clark(Executive Officer)Ray Dulin(Executive Officer)David A. Spuria(Executive Officer, Director)

BoardG. Rainey Williams(Director)Gregory D Wedel(Director)

Co-investorsBain Capital Tech Opportunities

Atomsatoms.coin𝕏Jul 2026 · $1.7B

Builds automated kitchen systems using robotics to produce consistent, affordable meals at scale.

FoodTechHardwareRobotics

Travis Kalanick(Founder)

Co-investorsAbstract VenturesAlpha Wave GlobalAndreessen HorowitzBain Capital VenturesFifth WallSV Angel+5 more

Axtria

Berkeley Heights, US

Jaswinder Chadha(Executive Officer, Director)in

BoardRichard Braddock(Director)Amarpreet Sawhney(Director)

Co-investorsBain Capital Tech OpportunitiesSequoia Capital

Beelinebeeline.co

Beeline makes compact GPS navigation devices (Moto II and Velo 2) and a companion app offering turn-by-turn directions, speed, and ride tracking for motorcyclists and cyclists.

ConsumerHardwareMobility & Transportation

Mark(Co-founder)Tom Putnam(Founder)in

Co-investorsEarlymarketTrue.

Benchgetbench.aiin

Bench builds engineering software for hardware development in the AI era.

AI & Machine LearningDeveloper ToolsEnterprise SoftwareHardwareSaaS

Co-investorsSuperSeedVanagonInovia Capital

Bubblesusebubbles.comin𝕏May 2022 · $8.5M

Bubbles is an AI meeting assistant that automatically joins calls to record, transcribe, and generate summaries and action items, integrating with calendars and meeting platforms.

AI & Machine LearningFuture of WorkSaaSSan Francisco, US

Tom Medema(Founder)in

Co-investorsChapter OneWorklife Ventures468 CapitalCraft VenturesKhosla VenturesStreamlined Ventures

Cardurion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

BiotechBurlington, US

Michael Mendelsohn(Executive Officer, Director)

BoardEvan Rachlin(Director)Peter Lawrence(Executive Officer, Director)Edward Mathers(Director)Adam Koppel(Director)inNicholas Downing(Director)

Co-investorsBain Capital Life SciencesBain Capital Tech OpportunitiesNEA SecondaryPolaris PartnersThird Rock Ventures

EQRxeqrx.comAug 2021Acquired

EQRx was a Cambridge, MA biopharma that aimed to sell lower-priced novel drugs; it was acquired by Revolution Medicines in 2023.

Co-investorsAndreessen HorowitzArboretum VenturesARCH Venture PartnersGV (Google Ventures)

ExtraHopextrahop.comin𝕏May 2014

ExtraHop provides RevealX, a network security and observability platform that consolidates NDR, network performance monitoring, and intrusion detection into a single system.

AI & Machine LearningCloud ComputingCybersecurityEnterprise SoftwareSaaSSeattle, US

Arindum Mukerji(Executive Officer, Director)Jesse Rothstein(Executive Officer, Director)inRaja Mukerji(Founder)inPalvi Mehta(Executive Officer)in

BoardTheodore Coons(Director)Sujal Patel(Director)

Co-investorsMadrona Venture Group

Fluentfluent.xyz𝕏

Fluent is a blockchain platform with a mainnet and testnet that supports "blended" app development, enabling developers to build on-chain applications.

Crypto & Web3Deep TechDeveloper Tools

Co-investorsMH VenturesTPC Club (The presale club)TPC VenturesEspresso Systems

Fluent Commercefluentcommerce.comin

Fluent Commerce develops an order management platform that helps retailers and commerce businesses adapt to changing market conditions, manage inventory across channels, and respond to disruptions with speed and flexibility.

E-commerceEnterprise SoftwareRetail TechSaaSSydney, AU

GrahamDariusJamie

Co-investorsArrowroot CapitalFive V CapitalPartners for GrowthPartners for Growth (PFG)

Hazelhellohazel.com

Hazel makes disposable briefs designed for women experiencing bladder leaks, offering underwear-like products with a control top.

Direct to ConsumerFemTechWellness & Fitness

Co-investorsBAM VenturesBroad Street AngelsEntrepreneurs Roundtable Accelerator (ERA)Overeasy VenturesBain Capital VenturesFirework Ventures+4 more

IMS Nanofabricationims.co.at

IMS Nanofabrication is a high-tech company specializing in electron-beam lithography, developing and manufacturing multi-electron-beam writers for semiconductor industry manufacturers.

Deep TechHardwareSemiconductors

Co-investorsIntel Capital

Infiniainfiniaweb.cominJul 2026 · $13.5M

Infinia provides a unified API infrastructure for global payments and financial services, enabling businesses to collect, convert, and disburse money across 200+ countries with local compliance and regulatory requirements built-in.

Enterprise SoftwareFintechSaaSMontevideo, UY

Ianai Urwicz(Founder)inAlejandro Rettig(Founder)in

Co-investorsFlucas VenturesKube VCY CombinatorVariant Fund

Keystone Agency Partnerskeystoneagencypartners.comin

Keystone Agency Partners is an insurance brokerage platform that acquires and partners with independent insurance agencies across the US, offering them growth resources and shared services.

FintechInsurTech

Dan Girardi(Chief Strategy Officer)in

Co-investorsWarburg PincusCrescent CapitalFlexpoint Ford

Laikalaika.com

LatAm e-commerce platform for pet products and services.

Co-investorsJam FundBain Capital VenturesCanapi VenturesCentana Growth PartnersFin CapitalNyca+3 more

Legoralegora.comin𝕏Mar 2026 · $550M

Legora builds AI-powered collaboration software for lawyers to automate routine tasks and improve efficiency in legal work.

AI & Machine LearningEnterprise SoftwareLegalTechStockholm, SE

Max Junestrand(Founder)inSigge Labor(Founder)inAugust Erséus(Co-founder)in

BoardJacob Effron(Redpoint board member)Logan Bartlett(Redpoint board member)

Co-investorsAbstract VenturesAccelAlkeon InnovationAtlassian VenturesBain Capital VenturesBessemer Venture Partners+26 more

Meelameelahealth.cominSep 2025

Meela operates a matchmaking service that connects individuals in Sweden with licensed psychologists and psychotherapists based on research on therapeutic alliance, offering both in-person and online therapy across more than 50 methods and 20 languages.

Digital HealthMarketplacesMental Health

Tiffany(Founder)

Co-investorsCalm/Storm VCnaturalX Health VenturesPeakBain Capital VenturesUnconventional Ventures

Mergemergevr.comin𝕏Jan 2026

Merge Labs creates AR/VR learning tools for K-12 education, including the Merge Cube handheld interface and Merge EDU platform, enabling immersive hands-on STEM and science learning in classrooms and educational spaces.

AI & Machine LearningEdTechHardwareSan Antonio, US

Andrew Trickett(Founder)in

Co-investorsGeekdomNew Ground VenturesAccelAdditionFifty YearsInterface Fund+2 more

Merge LabsJan 2026

San Antonio, US

Andrew Trickett(Executive Officer, Director)Franklin Lyons(Executive Officer, Director)

BoardLew Moorman(Director)in

Co-investorsStarship VenturesFifty YearsInterface FundScaleworks

Moveworksmoveworks.comin𝕏Jun 2021 · $200M

Moveworks provides an AI assistant platform that enables enterprise employees to search and act across business applications, automating tasks and workflows through a reasoning engine with specialized AI agents.

AI & Machine LearningEnterprise SoftwareFuture of Work

Vaibhav N.(Founder)inJiang Chen(Founder)in

Co-investorsAlkeon InnovationICONIQKleiner PerkinsLightspeed Venture PartnersParade VenturesSapphire Ventures+3 more

NanosphereMay 2015

BiotechNorthbrook, US

Michael K. McGarrity(Executive Officer, Director)Ann Wallin(Executive Officer)Kenneth Bahk(Executive Officer)

BoardErik Holmlin(Director)Andre de Bruin(Director)Lorin J. Randall(Director)

Obvioobvio.aiJun 2025 · $22M

Obvio builds context-aware AI technology that helps cities and police departments monitor reckless driving, educate drivers, and enforce traffic laws such as stop sign, school zone, failure-to-yield, and distracted driving violations.

AI & Machine LearningGovTechMobility & TransportationSan Carlos, US

Dhruv Maheshwari(Executive Officer, Director)inAli Rehan(Executive Officer, Director)in

Co-investorsHomebrewPathlight VenturesBain Capital VenturesGTMfundKhosla VenturesSaga Ventures

Optimizelyoptimizely.cominAcquired

Optimizely develops an AI-powered marketing operating system used by over 10,000 businesses to manage campaigns and conduct experiments.

AI & Machine LearningDeveloper ToolsEnterprise SoftwareMarketing TechSaaSNew York, US

Pete Koomen(Founder)inDan Siroker(Co-founder and former Chief Executive Officer)inAlexander Atzberger(Chief Executive Officer of combined Optimizely)inShafqat Islamin

BoardIlya Fushman(Director)inScott Weiss(Director)

Co-investorsAdvancit CapitalAndreessen HorowitzAshton KutcherBattery VenturesBridge BankCorrelation Ventures+20 more

Sense FinanceinMay 2021

San Francisco, US

Kenton Prescott(Executive Officer, Director)inJoshua Levine(Executive Officer, Director)

Co-investorsDragonflyRobot Ventures

SevOnesevone.comSep 2015

Boston, US

Tanya Bakalov(Executive Officer, Promoter)Vesselin Bakalov(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)Jim Melvin(Executive Officer)Brian Zeman(Executive Officer)Michael Shanahan(Executive Officer)Diane Pyron(Executive Officer)

Co-investorsOsage Venture Partners

TruckSmartertrucksmarter.comin𝕏Sep 2022 · $25M

TruckSmarter provides truck drivers and small carriers with a unified platform for freight discovery, market insights, fuel savings, and business operations.

B2B MarketplacesLogistics & Supply ChainSaaSSan Francisco, US

Daniel Kao(Founder)in

Co-investorsAndreessen HorowitzRecall CapitalFin CapitalFJ LabsFounders FundThrive Capital

When I Workwheniwork.comin𝕏Nov 2021 · $200M

WhenIWork provides software for shift-based workplaces to manage scheduling, communications, and team coordination.

Future of WorkHR TechSaaSSaint Paul, US

Chad Halvorson(Founder)inGarret Voight(Principal Designer & Co-Founder)inDaniel Olfelt(Founder)inJeffrey Imm(Executive Officer)

BoardJohn Tedesco(Director)Thomas Gieselmann(Director)in

Co-investorsBain Capital Tech OpportunitiesCamber PartnersDrive CapitalGreycroftHigh AlphaArthur Ventures+2 more

Wonder Groupwonder.com

Cloud kitchen platform and in-person cafeterias delivering curated meals.

New York, US

Marc Lore(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)inAntony Hoggett(Executive Officer)Jay Naik(Executive Officer)Andrew Gasper(Executive Officer)inGabrielle Rabinovitch(Executive Officer)in

BoardDave Munichiello(Director)in

Co-investorsA-Rod CorpAAF Management Ltd.AccelBain Capital VenturesHarmony PartnersNew Enterprise Associates (NEA)+4 more

Zero Hashzerohash.comin𝕏

Zero Hash provides API-based infrastructure for banks, brokerages, and fintechs to embed crypto trading, stablecoin payments, and tokenized financial assets into their platforms.

Crypto & Web3Data & InfrastructureFintechChicago, US

Edward Woodford(Chief Executive Officer)inBrian Liston(Executive Officer, Director)inAdam Berg(Chief Financial Officer)inStephen Gardner(Chief Legal Officer and Secretary)inAdam Leaman(Chief Commercial Officer)in

BoardTom Sosnoff(Director)

Co-investorsNycaNyca PartnersPoint72 VenturesStruck CapitalJump CryptoSocially Financed+1 more

Portfolio news

latest coverage across their companies

Fund performance · per public LP disclosures · 36

as of Mar 2025
FundVintageCommittedNet IRRTVPIDPI
Bain Capital Beacon Roll SPV XI Private EquityLPs: Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System20251.00x1.00x
Bain Capital Beacon Roll SPV XIILPs: Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System20250.74x0.42x
Bain Capital Special Situations Managed Account (CLP), L.P.LPs: California Public Employees' Retirement System20241.27x0.00x
Bain Capital Asia Fund VLPs: California Public Employees' Retirement System, California State Teachers' Retirement System, Maryland State Retirement and Pension System20231.23x0.12x
Bain Capital Europe Fund VI, SCSpLPs: California Public Employees' Retirement System, California State Teachers' Retirement System, Maryland State Retirement and Pension System20231.12x0.00x
Bain Capital Insurance Fund, L.P.LPs: Texas Municipal Retirement System, California Public Employees' Retirement System202316.4%1.23x0.08x
Bain Capital RE Fund II ALPs: Los Angeles County Employees Retirement Association2021-0.8%0.98x0.09x
Bain Capital Special Situations Asia II, L.P.LPs: Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System, Ventura County Employees' Retirement Association202118.8%1.33x
Bain Capital Fund XIII, L.P.LPs: New Mexico Educational Retirement Board, Maryland State Retirement and Pension System20206.8%1.13x0.16x
Bain Capital Asia Fund IV-B, L.P.LPs: Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System201924.4%1.74x1.06x
Bain Capital Fund XII-A, L.P.LPs: Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System201718.8%1.93x1.56x
Bain Capital Fund XII, L.P.LPs: New Mexico Educational Retirement Board, Maryland State Retirement and Pension System201719.0%1.85x1.10x
Bain Capital Special Situations Asia, LPLPs: Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System20171.00x
Bain Capital Asia Fund IIILPs: California State Teachers' Retirement System, Los Angeles City Employees' Retirement System, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation +1 more201619.0%1.91x1.21x
Bain Capital Asia Fund III-A, L.P.LPs: Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System201623.8%2.20x1.39x
Bain Capital Fund XILPs: The Regents of the University of California, New Mexico Educational Retirement Board, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation +2 more201419.6%1.87x1.58x
Bain Capital Fund XI-A, L.P.LPs: Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System201420.4%1.88x1.48x
Bain Capital Fund XI-A, L.P. Private EquityLPs: Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System20141.90x1.86x
Bain Capital Middle Market Credit 2014, LPLPs: Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System20135.3%1.24x1.12x
Bain Capital Asia Fund II, LPLPs: Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System, California State Teachers' Retirement System, Carnegie Corporation of New York201216.4%1.80x1.67x
Bain Capital Distressed and Special Situations 2013 (A + AIV I), L.P.LPs: Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System201213.8%1.79x0.37x
Bain Capital Middle Market Credit 2010, L.P.LPs: Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System20109.2%1.26x1.26x
Bain Capital Europe Fund IIILPs: The Regents of the University of California, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation +2 more200818.3%2.02x1.93x
Bain Capital X (Co-investment)LPs: The Regents of the University of California20083.0%1.21x1.21x
Bain Capital Europe III, L.P.LPs: The Regents of the University of California, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation200717.9%1.90x1.51x
Bain Capital Europe Ill, L.P.LPs: The Regents of the University of California200716.8%1.07x
Bain Capital Fund X Co-Invest, L.P.LPs: The Regents of the University of California20074.5%1.27x0.58x
Bain Capital Fund X Co-lnv15l, L.P.LPs: The Regents of the University of California20073.7%
Bain Capital Fund X, L.P.LPs: California State Teachers' Retirement System, The Regents of the University of California, Employees' Retirement System of Rhode Island +6 more20078.8%1.60x1.51x
Bain Capital Fund IX Co-Invest L.P.LPs: The Regents of the University of California20068.8%1.40x
Bain Capital Fund IX, L.P.LPs: California State Teachers' Retirement System, The Regents of the University of California, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation +6 more20066.4%1.54x1.54x
Bain Capital IX (Co-investment)LPs: The Regents of the University of California, Annie E. Casey Foundation20067.3%1.48x1.41x
Bain Capital IX Coinvestment Fund, LPLPs: California State Teachers' Retirement System, The Regents of the University of California, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation +3 more20069.9%1.77x1.77x
Bain Capital Fund VIII - Coinvestment Fund, L.P.LPs: The Regents of the University of California200412.5%1.77x1.75x
Bain Capital Fund VIII (Co-investment)LPs: The Regents of the University of California200412.5%1.77x1.77x
Bain Capital Fund VIII, L.P.LPs: The Regents of the University of California, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation +2 more200412.2%1.96x1.96x

Source: public limited-partner disclosures (CalPERS, CalSTRS). Net IRR / TVPI / DPI as reported by the limited partner; a fund's early-year IRR is an interim estimate (J-curve).