EcoR1 Capital β Full Portfolio
71 tracked investments Β· listed companies and verified rows first
Aktis Oncology discovers and develops targeted radiopharmaceuticals for treating solid tumors.
BiotechHealthtechMedical DevicesBoston, US
Todd Foley(Co-founder and Chairman)inPatrick Baeuerle(Co-founder & Advisor)inShulamit Ron-Bigger(Executive Officer)in
BoardHelen S. Kim(Director)Andrew Levin(Director)
Board seatOleg NodelmanΒ· per SEC Form D
Co-investorsAndreessen HorowitzMPM BioImpactMRL Ventures FundRA CapitalTCG CrossoverVida Ventures+2 more
Atara Biotherapeutics develops allogeneic T-cell immunotherapies using its proprietary EBV T-cell platform to harness the immune system for treating disease.
BiotechHealthtechMedical DevicesThousand Oaks, US
Co-investorsDag VenturesHEALTHCARE ROYALTY PARTNERSKleiner Perkins
aTyr is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing therapies derived from tRNA synthetase biology to treat fibrosis and inflammation, with its lead candidate efzofitimod in clinical trials for interstitial lung disease.
BiotechHealthtechMedical DevicesSan Diego, US
Paul Schimmel(Non-Management Director)John D. Mendlein(Executive Officer, Director)David Weiner(Executive Officer)Frederic Chereau(Executive Officer)
BoardAmir Nashat(Non-Management Director)inAkkaraju Srinivas(Non-Management Director)
Co-investorsCardinal PartnersSofinnova VenturesDomain PartnersPolaris PartnersSamsara BioCapital
Collegium Pharmaceutical is a biopharmaceutical company developing a portfolio of medications to treat serious medical conditions.
BiotechCanton, US
Michael Heffernan(Executive Officer, Director)inPaul Brannelly(Executive Officer)in
BoardEran Nadav(Director)John Freund(Director)Patrick Heron(Director)inDavid Hirsch(Director)
Co-investorsAPERTURE Venture PartnersFrazier Life SciencesLongitude Capital
Denali Therapeutics develops therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.
BiotechHealthtechMedical DevicesSan Francisco, US
Marc Tessier-Lavigne(Director)Ryan Watts(Executive Officer, Director)inAlexander O. Schuth(Executive Officer)inCarole Ho(Executive Officer)Steve E. Krognes(Director)
BoardDavid P. Schenkein(Director)in
Co-investorsARCH Venture PartnersF-Prime CapitalForesite CapitalGV (Google Ventures)
Editas Medicine develops gene editing medicines using CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cas12a technology to treat serious diseases including blood disorders, cardiovascular conditions, and cancer.
BiotechDeep TechMedical DevicesCambridge, US
Feng Zhang(Scientific Founder, Core Member, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)George Church(Scientific Founder, Professor of Genetics, Harvard University and MIT)inKeith Joung(Scientific Founder, Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School)inDavid Liu(Scientific Founder, Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University)inKatrine Bosley(Executive Officer, Director)inVic Myer(Executive Officer)in
Co-investorsSofinnova Ventures
Freenome develops early-stage cancer detection technology using blood tests to identify cancer in its earliest, most treatable phases.
AI & Machine LearningBiotechDigital HealthHealthtechMedical DevicesLondon
Riley Ennis(Co-Founder and Chief Product Officer)Charles Roberts(Director)inGabriel Otte(Director)in
BoardStuart Lawson(Director)
Co-investorsRA CapitalAME Cloud VenturesAndreessen HorowitzArtis VenturesAsset Management CompanyAverin Capital+8 more
Gossamer Bio is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing seralutinib, an investigational drug candidate for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease.
BiotechDigital HealthMedical DevicesSan Diego, US
Faheem Hasnain(Executive Officer, Director)inChristian Waage(Executive Officer)inSheila Gujrathi, MD(Founder)inBryan Giraudo(Executive Officer)Laura Carter, Ph.D.(Executive Officer)Joshua Bilenker, M.D.(Director)
Co-investorsARCH Venture PartnersBay City CapitalFoothill VenturesNew Enterprise Associates (NEA)Samsara BioCapital
Intellia Therapeutics develops in vivo and ex vivo CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing therapies aimed at treating the root causes of severe genetic diseases, with lead candidates for hereditary angioedema and ATTR amyloidosis.
BiotechDeep TechHealthtechCambridge, US
Nessan Bermingham(Executive Officer, Director)inJennifer Doudna(Co-founder)Jose Rivera(Executive Officer)inJohn Leonard(President and Chief Executive Officer)inJames Basta(Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary)inEdward Dulac(Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer)in
Co-investorsage1Atlas VentureAvoro Capital AdvisorsForesite Capital
Kura Oncology is a company in the oncology/medtech sector that provides grant support for independent medical education programs designed to enhance healthcare professionals' ability to diagnose and treat patients in Kura Oncology's therapeutic areas of interest.
BiotechDigital HealthMedical DevicesLa Jolla, US
TROY WILSON(Executive Officer, Director)inPINGDA REN(Executive Officer)inYI LIU(Executive Officer)inTroy Wilson(Founder)inHEIDI HENSON(Executive Officer)inANNETTE NORTH(Executive Officer)
Co-investorsARCH Venture PartnersAvoro Capital AdvisorsForesite CapitalNextech InvestOUP (Osage University Partners)
Nuvation Bio is a global oncology company developing and commercializing novel therapies for difficult-to-treat cancers, targeting indications where conventional treatments have failed.
BiotechHealthtechNew York, US
David Hung(Founder, President & Chief Executive Officer)
Co-investorsAisling CapitalDecheng CapitalVertex Ventures ChinaOmega Funds
ORIC Pharmaceuticals is a clinical-stage oncology company developing therapies aimed at overcoming cancer treatment resistance, including innate, acquired, and bypass resistance.
BiotechHealthtechSouth San Francisco, US
Richard Heyman(Chairman, Founder, Scientific Advisory Board)Charles Sawyers(Founder, Scientific Advisory Board)Scott Lowe(Founder, Scientific Advisory Board)Jacob M. Chacko(Executive Officer, Director)inDominic Piscitelli(Chief Financial Officer)inPratik Multani(Chief Medical Officer)in
Co-investorsNew Enterprise Associates (NEA)Nextech InvestTaiho Ventures, LLCThe Column Group
Scholar Rock is a biopharmaceutical company that develops therapies targeting growth factor proteins to treat serious diseases.
BiotechCambridge, US
Nagesh Mahanthappa(Executive Officer, Director)Timothy Springer(Director)
BoardKristina Burow(Director)inAmir Nashat(Director)inKatrine Bosley(Director)Michael Gilman(Director)
Co-investorsAisling CapitalARCH Venture PartnersPolaris Partners
Shattuck Labs is a biopharmaceutical company developing a DR3 blocking antibody for the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and other inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases.
BiotechAustin, US
Josiah Hornblower(President/CEO)in
BoardWalter Loewenbaum(Director)
Co-investorsHatteras Venture PartnersOrbiMedT. Rowe Price
Dewpoint Therapeutics develops condensate-modulating drugs by using an integrated platform that maps, measures, and modulates biomolecular condensates to identify druggable targets and disease mechanisms.
AI & Machine LearningBiotechDeep TechBoston, US
Richard Young, Ph.D.(Director)Anthony Hyman, Ph.D.(Director)Tony Hyman(Scientific Co-founder)Rick Young(Scientific Co-founder)Elisabeth Leiderman(Executive Officer)inAmeet Nathwani, M.D.(Executive Officer, Director)in
Co-investorsARCH Venture PartnersSamsara BioCapital6 Dimensions CapitalGeneral CatalystInnovation EndeavorsLeaps by Bayer+5 more
Epikast provides AI-powered tools for medical science liaisons and field teams to analyze clinical interactions with physicians and patients, and to access synthesized scientific information in their disease areas.
AI & Machine LearningDigital HealthEnterprise SoftwareHealthtechSaaSBrooklyn, US
Evangelos Vergetis(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardBrad Prosek(Director)Stelios Papadopoulos(Director)Daphne Karydas(Director)Alexandros Tzoukas(Director)
Board seatOleg NodelmanΒ· per SEC Form D
Co-investorsVedanta Capital
ReCode develops mRNA and gene correction therapeutics for genetic diseases, using proprietary lipid nanoparticle technology to deliver treatments to specific organs.
AI & Machine LearningBiotechHealthtechMedical DevicesMenlo Park, US
Dr. Daniel J. SiegwartArthur E Johnson(Executive Officer, Director)
Board seatOleg NodelmanΒ· per SEC Form D
Co-investorsAju IB Invesment CorporationEvolution VC PartnersMPM BioImpactOrbiMedOUP (Osage University Partners)Pfizer Venture Investments+6 more
BiotechBoston, US
Adam Friedman(Executive Officer, Director)inGary Glick(Executive Officer, Director)inAndrew Fedder(Executive Officer)Darrin Stuart(Executive Officer)Erica Jackson(Executive Officer)Amanda Valentino(Executive Officer)
Board seatOleg NodelmanΒ· per SEC Form D
Co-investorsAtlas VentureAvoro Capital AdvisorsFrazier Life SciencesNextech InvestVida VenturesLightspeed Venture Partners+2 more
Accent Therapeutics is a biotechnology company focused on discovering and developing small molecule drugs to improve health outcomes for cancer patients.
BiotechHealthtechLongevity
Co-investorsAtlas VentureDroia VenturesGV (Google Ventures)The Column GroupJJDCJohnson & Johnson Innovation β JJDC+1 more
Actio is a precision medicine company that translates genetic insights into new therapeutics, developing drugs that target the genes underlying both rare diseases and more prevalent conditions.
BiotechDeep Tech
David Breckenridge(Founder)in
Co-investorsCanaan Partners
Affinia Therapeutics develops genetically engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) therapies for treating genetic diseases, focusing initially on cardiovascular and central nervous system conditions.
AI & Machine LearningBiotechDeep TechWaltham, US
Luc Vandenberghe(Director)Aaron Tward, M.D., Ph.D.(Scientific Co-Founder)Botond Roska, M.D., Ph.D.(Scientific Co-Founder)Luk Vandenberghe, Ph.D.(Scientific Co-Founder and Adviser, and Board Member)Rami Daoud(Executive Officer)inRick Modi(Chief Executive Officer, Board Member)
Co-investorsAtlas VentureEight Roads VenturesF-Prime CapitalGV (Google Ventures)New Enterprise Associates (NEA)TCG Crossover+1 more
Affinivax was a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company that developed next-generation pneumococcal vaccines using its proprietary Multiple Antigen Presenting System (MAPS) platform technology.
BiotechMedical DevicesCambridge, US
Richard Malley(Director)inKamran Tavangar(Executive Officer)Steven Brugger(Executive Officer, Director)in
BoardRobert More(Director)Frances Heller(Director)George Siber(Director)
Co-investorsBain Capital Life SciencesForesite Capital
Ajax Systems produces wired and wireless intrusion protection devices for professional security installations, offered through two product lines: Baseline for general projects and Ajax Superior for advanced, high-security applications that require partner accreditation and training.
AI & Machine LearningCybersecurityEnterprise SoftwareHardwareIoT
Co-investorsEndeavor CatalystHorizon Capital
Ajax Therapeutics is a biotech company developing Type II JAK2 inhibitors for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), including myelofibrosis, using computational chemistry and structural biology in its drug discovery.
AI & Machine LearningBiotechHealthtechNew York, US
Martin Vogelbaum(Co-founder & Board Member)Ross Levine(Director)Ramy Farid(Director)
BoardScott Platshon(Director)
Co-investorsInning One VenturesVivo Capital
Akouos is a precision genetic medicine company developing therapies for the inner ear to restore, improve, and preserve hearing.
BiotechHealthtechBrookline, US
Emmanuel Simons(Executive Officer, Director)william sewell(Founder)in
BoardEd Mathers(Director)inKush Parmar(Director)in
Co-investors5AM VenturesNew Enterprise Associates (NEA)RA CapitalSofinnova VenturesCowen Healthcare InvestmentsFidelity Investments+1 more
Kalaris Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing retinal disease treatments, specifically engineered biologics for wet AMD, diabetic eye disease, and retinal vein occlusion.
BiotechDigital HealthMedical DevicesBerkeley Heights, US
Napoleone Ferrara(Director & Co-Founder)Srinivas Akkaraju(Director & Co-founder)Mike Dybbs(Director & Co-founder)
A drug discovery company focused on medicinal chemistry and preclinical research across multiple therapeutic areas.
BiotechDigital HealthHealthtechMedical DevicesMental HealthIndianapolis, US
Jaswant Gidda(Executive Officer, Director)James Schulz(Executive Officer)Yvonne Lai(Executive Officer)
BoardNora Doherty(Director)Derek Small(Director)Anantha Shekhar(Director)
Arcus Biosciences develops combination cancer therapies, producing small molecules and antibodies designed to be combined and advanced from Phase 1 studies through commercialization.
Biotech
Juan Jaen(Founder)in
Co-investorsAisling CapitalDecheng CapitalDroia VenturesForesite CapitalSLVCSofinnova Ventures+2 more
Artiva Bio is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing NK cell-based therapies for autoimmune diseases, designed to be manufactured at scale and delivered in community settings.
BiotechHealthtechMedical DevicesSan Diego, US
Jennifer Bush(Executive Officer)inThomas J. Farrell(Executive Officer)Fred Aslan(Executive Officer, Director)inJason Litten(Executive Officer)inEsther van den Boom(Executive Officer)Peter Flynn(Executive Officer)in
Co-investors5AM VenturesRA CapitalvenBio PartnersvenBio Global Strategic
BiotechRedwood City, US
William Robinson(Director)Lawrence Steinman(Director)Tito Serafini(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardBrian Atwood(Director)Franklin Berger(Director)
Co-investorsAisling CapitalMission Bay CapitalMission Biocapital
Attovia is a biotechnology company focused on drug development and clinical strategy, aiming to bring treatments to patients where none exist and create next-generation therapeutic options.
BiotechDigital Health
Zaneta Odrowaz(Founder)in
Co-investorsFrazier Life SciencesIllumina VenturesNextech InvestSanofi VenturesVida VenturesGoldman Sachs
AVTTX is a clinical-stage company developing gene therapy treatments for retinal and ophthalmologic diseases.
BiotechDigital HealthHealthtechMedical Devices
George Montgomery(Executive Chairman)
Co-investorsEvolution VC PartnersHelios CapitalPlum Alley InvestmentsSocii CapitalTribe Capital Firstlook
BridgeBio develops treatments for genetic conditions and cancers using a decentralized hub-and-spoke model, where autonomous teams focus on specific diseases or drug candidates while a central hub provides clinical, regulatory, and commercial support.
BiotechHealthtech
Co-investorsAisling CapitalAmzak HealthFrazier Life SciencesHEALTHCARE ROYALTY PARTNERSLongwood FundSequoia Capital
Cellares develops automated manufacturing systems and technology platforms to accelerate the production and commercialization of cell therapies.
Advanced ManufacturingBiotechMedical DevicesSouth San Francisco, US
Fabian Gerlinghaus(Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer)inOmar Kurdi(Co-Founder and President)in
BoardJustin Butler(Director)inVictor Tong(Director)in
Co-investorsDecheng Capital8VCIntuitive VenturesKoch Disruptive TechnologiesBaillie GiffordBlackRock+4 more
Centessa is a biopharmaceutical company developing an Orexin Receptor 2 Agonist program aimed at treating sleep-wake, neurological, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
BiotechHealthtech
Co-investorsAdvent Life SciencesForesite CapitalMedicxiOberland CapitalScion Life SciencesVida Ventures+1 more
Co-investorsRA Capital
Cambridge, MA clinical-stage biotech developing engineered exosome therapeutics; IPO'd on NASDAQ in 2020, later restructured.
BiotechSeattle, US
Doug Williams(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardNoubar Afeyan(Director)inSteven Gillis(Director)Eric Lander(Director)
Co-investorsARCH Venture PartnersFlagship Pioneering
Diagonal Therapeutics develops multi-specific clustering antibody therapeutics that bind multiple cell-surface receptors to activate or inhibit dysregulated signaling pathways underlying chronic diseases.
AI & Machine LearningBiotechHealthtechWatertown, US
Co-investorsAtlas VentureFrazier Life SciencesSanofi Ventures
ElevateBio is a contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) for advanced therapies, offering discovery, process development, analytics, manufacturing, and regulatory support for cell therapies, viral vectors, mRNA therapeutics, and gene editing.
BiotechDeep TechHealthtechWaltham, US
David Hallal(CEO)Mike Paglia(Chief Technology Officer)Ger Brophy(CEO)
Co-investorsMPM BioImpactSamsara BioCapitalSoftBank Vision Fund
Flex Pharma provides accessible generic vasodilator medications, including PDE5 inhibitors, to U.S. patients at lower costs than brand-name alternatives.
BiotechDigital HealthHealthtechMedical Devices
Dr. Rod MacKinnon(Founder)
Co-investorsBessemer Venture PartnersLightstone VenturesLongwood Fund
BiotechNew York, US
Norbert Bischofberger, Ph.D.(Executive Officer, Director)Christopher Wilfong(Executive Officer)
BoardRebecka Belldegrun, M.D.(Director)Otello Stampacchia, Ph.D.(Director)David M. Tanen(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)Arie S. Belldegrun, M.D.(Director)
Co-investorsGV (Google Ventures)Nextech InvestVida Ventures
Kumquat Biosciences is a biotech company developing small-molecule cancer therapeutics, combining drug discovery and clinical expertise to advance new oncology treatments.
BiotechSan Diego, US
Yi Liu(Executive Officer, Director)inLynn Yang(Director)
BoardCarl Gordon(Director)in
Co-investorsOrbiMedRoche Venture Fund
San Diego clinical-stage biopharma developing non-bile acid FXR agonists for liver and gastrointestinal diseases.
BiotechSan Diego, US
Ronald Evans(Director)Trisha Millican(Executive Officer)Ken Song(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardKristina Burow(Director)inRichard Heyman(Director)inAmir Nashat(Director)in
Co-investorsage1LAVLilly Asia VenturesNew Enterprise Associates (NEA)Vivo CapitalARCH Venture Partners+2 more
HealthtechWest Lafayette, US
Philip Low, Ph.D.(Director)Sunil Singhal, M.D.(Director)Isaac Barchas(Director)Clay B. Siegall, Ph.D.(Executive Officer, Director)Ronald Martell(Director)Franklyn Prendergast, M.D., Ph.D.(Director)
Co-investorsArsenal Bridge Venture
Co-investorsAisling CapitalLongitude Capital
Developed next-generation depression pharmaceuticals; acquired in 2015 for $560M upfront plus milestones.
BiotechEvanston, US
Joseph R. Moskal(Executive Officer)Amin Khan(Executive Officer)James Schulz(Executive Officer)Ronald M. Burch(Executive Officer)Norbert Riedel(Executive Officer, Director)Ashish Khanna(Executive Officer)
Co-investorsCota CapitalLatterell Venture PartnersSofinnova Ventures
Clinical-stage biotech developing neoantigen-targeted T cell receptor (TCR) therapies for cancer; acquired by AstraZeneca.
BiotechNew York, US
Carsten Linnemann, PhD(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)Antonius N.M. Schumacher(Director)Fei Chen(Director)
BoardDavid M. Tanen(Director, Promoter)Helen Kim(Director)
Co-investorsJeito CapitalVida VenturesTPG
NiKang Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing small molecule drugs for cancer, using structure-based drug design against targets such as HIF2Ξ±, CDK2, KRAS, and SHP2.
BiotechHealthtechWilmington, CN
Yan Lou(Founder)Zhenhai Gao(President, CEO, and Secretary)Hong (Kelsey) Chen(Chief Financial Officer)
BoardGary Yeung(Director)Ting Jia(Director)Roderick Wong(Director)
Co-investorsLAVLilly Asia VenturesRA CapitalSamsara BioCapitalThe Innovation SpaceLogos
Co-investorsToronto Innovation Acceleration Partners
Nurix Therapeutics develops protein degrader-based medicines using proprietary DEL-AI discovery technology to address cancer and autoimmune diseases.
AI & Machine LearningBiotechDeep TechMedical DevicesSan Francisco, US
Arthur T. Sands(Executive Officer, Director)inGwenn M. Hansen(Chief Scientific Officer)inTimothy Kutzkey(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardDavid Goeddel(Director)Mark Goldsmith(Director)
Co-investorsBain Capital Life SciencesForesite CapitalSofinnova VenturesThe Column Group
BiotechSan Francisco, US
Jonathan Winger(Executive Officer, Director)Stephen Cary(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardJeffrey S. Samberg(Director)Laurence Marton(Director)Mitchell Mutz(Director)Jeff Samberg(Director)
Co-investorsWavemaker Three-Sixty Health
Paratus Sciences is a drug discovery company that uses AI-powered methods to identify first-in-class medicines by studying evolutionary traits, targeting serious diseases where current therapies are inadequate.
AI & Machine LearningBiotechDeep TechUnited States, US
Co-investorsARCH Venture PartnersClavystBio
BiotechMenlo Park, US
Ervin Epstein(Executive Officer, Director)Jean Tang(Director)Mark de Souza(Executive Officer)
BoardKatrin Andreasson(Director)
Co-investorsAisling Capital
Co-investorsPontifax Venture Capital
Relay Therapeutics develops the Dynamo platform, which applies motion-based drug design principles to discover therapeutic drugs by integrating protein dynamics simulations with experimental and computational techniques.
AI & Machine LearningBiotechDeep Tech
Sanjiv K. PatelDon BergstromTom CatinazzoMahesh PadvalImogen PrycePeter Rahmer
Co-investorsNextech InvestSoftBank Vision FundGeneral Catalyst
BiotechMedical Devices
Co-investorsARCH Venture Partners
BiotechDigital HealthMedical DevicesSeattle, US
Peter A. Thompson(Executive Officer, Director)
Co-investorsPontifax Venture CapitalRA CapitalUS Venture Partners
Co-investorsAisling CapitalAvoro Capital AdvisorsBioBritDelos Capital
Tectonic is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing therapeutic proteins and antibodies that target G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) using a proprietary platform called GEODeβ’.
AI & Machine LearningBiotechMedical DevicesWatertown, US
Timothy A. Springer(Co-Founder)Andrew C. KruseTimothy Springer(Director)Andrew Kruse(Director)Alise Reicin(Executive Officer, Director)inDaniel Lochner(Executive Officer)
Co-investorsVida VenturesAlly Bridge GroupClarusPolaris PartnersSoleus Capital
Terremoto Biosciences is a clinical-stage biotech developing precision therapies for oncology and genetic diseases using lysine-targeted covalent chemistry.
BiotechDeep TechSouth San Francisco, US
Grace Lu(Executive Officer)James Christensen(Executive Officer, Director)Charles Baum(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardMichael Goller(Director)Reid Huber(Director)inPeter Thompson(Director)
Co-investorsOrbiMedRA CapitalNovo HoldingsOsage University PartnersThird Rock Ventures
Co-investorsHorizons VenturesLux CapitalTCG CrossoverThe Column GroupInnovation Endeavors
Unity Biotechnology was a biotechnology company that is no longer operating.
BiotechBrisbane, US
Nathaniel E. David(Executive Officer, Director)inDan Marquess(Executive Officer)inKeith Leonard(Executive Officer, Director)inTamara Tompkins(Executive Officer)inBob Goeltz(Executive Officer)inJamie Dananberg(Executive Officer)in
Co-investorsage1ARCH Venture PartnersCycad Group LLCKhosla VenturesVenrock
Co-investorsPfizer Venture Investments
Rows marked βSEC filingβ are inferred from directors named on the company's SEC Form D β public regulatory data, not a portfolio list published by the firm.























