DBL Partners
Impact investorPalo Alto · Series A · 10 people tracked
Also known as DBL MANAGEMENT LLC · DBL Partners TIAB 2018 · DBL Partners TIAB 2020 · DBL Partners TIAB 2022 · DBL Partners YBJ 2024
Investment thesis
DBL Partners pursues a 'double bottom line' strategy, backing companies where strong financial performance is inherently linked to positive social and environmental impact. The firm targets businesses capable of delivering top-tier venture capital returns while advancing sustainability, climate, agriculture, logistics, energy efficiency, and community-oriented outcomes. Its portfolio spans physical AI in agriculture, carbon removal, sustainable packaging, wildfire prevention, space, logistics, and clean energy technologies, reflecting a conviction that mission-driven companies can be commercially successful.
Source: firm website, verified Aug 3, 2026.
Team · 10 people
from the firm's website & public directoriesWhat they invest in
from 35 of 78 portfolio companiesCleantech ×9Energy ×8AI & Machine Learning ×6FoodTech ×6Hardware ×6Circular Economy ×5Impact & Social Good ×5Enterprise Software ×4
HQs:United States×35
Who they back
founder profiles across 23 portfolio companiesFounding team size:solo founder×142 founders×33 founders×44+ founders×2
Where their founders worked beforefrom 12 founders with career history
McKinsey & Company ×2NASA Ames Research Center ×2Penguin Random House ×2Space Generation Advisory Council ×2U.S. Department of State ×2UC Santa Barbara ×2
Investments · 78 tracked
founders shown can be your intro pathBy year:2025 · 22024 · 22021 · 32019 · 12018 · 12016 · 22015 · 32014 · 22013 · 117 dated
Tesla designs and manufactures electric vehicles, battery storage and solar products, and develops autonomous driving software.
Palo Alto, US
Elon Musk(Co-founder & CEO)Jeffrey B Straubel(Executive Officer)Martin Eberhard(Founder)inJerome M Guillen(Executive Officer)Deepak Ahuja(Executive Officer)John Douglas Field(Executive Officer)
Board seatIra Matthew Ehrenpreis· per SEC Form D
Co-investorsCapital Q® Ventures Inc.Draper AssociatesFuture VenturesKluz VenturesM33 GrowthNewlin Ventures+9 more
Revolutionizing space technology to make life multi-planetary
Hawthorne, US
Elon Musk(Founder, CEO & Chief Engineer)in
Co-investors1/1 Capital137 Ventures4DX VenturesA*Abstract VenturesAccess Technology Ventures+110 more
EnergySan Francisco, US
Susan Kennedy(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardJackalyne Pfannenstiel(Director)Kellogg Warner(Director)
Board seatNancy Pfund· per SEC Form D · $12.5M raise · filed Jan 2020
Goleta, US
James Rogers(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)John Petote(Director)
BoardVijay Pande(Director)inJason Spievak(Director)inYves Sisteron(Director)Walter Robb(Director)
Board seatIra Ehrenpreis· per SEC Form D · $33M raise · filed Dec 2016
Co-investorsAndreessen HorowitzCommodity CapitalEntrada VenturesUPFRONTUpfront Partners
Bellwether Coffee makes an all-electric, ventless countertop coffee roaster along with a curated green coffee marketplace, roast profiles, and retail packaging for cafés and businesses to roast and sell coffee in-house.
Advanced ManufacturingFoodTechHardwareRetail TechBerkeley, US
Ricardo Lopez(Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary)Nathan Gilliland(President and Chief Executive Officer)Rolph Decker(Director)Mathieu Brown(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardKenneth Hood(Director)in
Board seatNancy Pfund· per SEC Form D
Co-investorsCongruent VenturesFusionX VenturesHCVCRSE VenturesTandem CapitalTrousdale Ventures+1 more
San Francisco, US
Jamieson Michael John Knowlton(Executive Officer, Director)Stephen Bradley Milne(Executive Officer, Director)Alexander Athol Sandy Gibson(Executive Officer, Director)Christopher Adams Muller(Executive Officer)
Board seatIra Ehrenpreis· per SEC Form D · $20M raise · filed Nov 2021
Co-investorsTrue Ventures
Ecologic Brands, part of Jabil Packaging Solutions, designs and manufactures custom fiber-based and molded-fiber packaging for consumer packaged goods brands.
Advanced ManufacturingCircular EconomyNew MaterialsOakland, US
Julie Corbett(Director)Ira Maroofian(Executive Officer, Director)Greg Rodrigues(Director)Aaron Enrico(Director)
BoardTory Patterson(Director)
Board seatNancy Pfund· per SEC Form D · $1.8M raise · filed May 2015
Co-investorsAiiM Partners
Fremont, US
Wade Woodson(Director)Robert Zapotosky(Executive Officer)Bruce Ledesma(Director)Suvi Sharma(Director)Daniel Shugar(Executive Officer, Director)
Board seatNancy Pfund· per SEC Form D
Co-investorsClearSkySJF Ventures
Solar company selling pay-as-you-go home solar and storage as a service to off-grid households in Africa.
EnergyGrand Cayman
Erica Mackey(Cofounder)Francis Hegelsen(Executive Officer, Director)Lyndon Rive(Director)Bill Lenihan(Executive Officer)Erica Ann Mackey(Director)Stephen Hall(Director)
Board seatNancy Pfund· per SEC Form D · filed May 2016
Co-investorsZouk Capital
South Salt Lake, US
Grant Morgan(Executive Officer, Director)Jennifer Nuckles(Director)Benjamin Boyer(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardRob Theis(Director)
Board seatIra Ehrenpreis· per SEC Form D · $45M raise · filed Jun 2021
EnergyMilpitas, US
Mehrdad Moslehi(Executive Officer, Director)Marinus (Mark) Kerstens(Executive Officer)Michael Wingert(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardJan van Dokkum(Director)Reyad Fezzani(Director)
Board seatIra Ehrenpreis· per SEC Form D · $138.4M raise · filed Feb 2016
Co-investorsImperative Science Ventures
Eliminates plastic and harmful chemicals from packaging to create a waste-free world.
Scottsdale, US
Troy Swope(Executive Officer, Director)Eric Johnson(Executive Officer)Kathryn King(Executive Officer)Stephen Szejner(Director)Katherine King(Executive Officer)
BoardJonathan Silver(Director)
Board seatIra Ehrenpreis· per SEC Form D
West Hollywood, US
Marco McCottry(Executive Officer)Bruce McAllister(Executive Officer)
BoardBen Boyer(Director)Duncan Davidson(Director)Tarkan Maner(Director)
Board seatIra Ehrenpreis· per SEC Form D · $8.5M raise · filed Apr 2021
DBL is a venture capital firm that invests in mission-driven companies across impact and sustainability sectors, targeting both financial returns and social and environmental outcomes.
Impact & Social Good
Airspace builds Airspace Spatial, a patented drone-detection platform that combines Remote ID, electronic sensing, RADAR, and AI analytics to detect, identify, and mitigate unauthorized drone activity at city scale.
AI & Machine LearningCybersecurityDefense Tech
Jaz Banga(Founder)in
Co-investorsGranite HillDefy PartnersHarbourVest Partners (Canada)Scale VenturesShasta VenturesTelstra Ventures
Andela connects global technologists with enterprise opportunities and serves as a platform for hiring, building AI systems, and upskilling teams.
AI & Machine LearningDeveloper ToolsEnterprise SoftwareFuture of WorkHR TechWashington, D.C., US
Jeremy Johnson(Founder)inIyinoluwa Aboyeji(Founder)Nadayar Enagesi(Founder)Brice Nkengsa(Founder)Ian Carnevale(Founder)Christina Sass(Founder)in
Co-investors4DX VenturesAccelerate AfricaAir Street CapitalAmplo VenturesCRE Venture CapitalFounder Collective+23 more
Apeel Sciences develops plant-based coatings derived from fatty acids and glycerides—ingredients naturally found in plant peels and seeds—that are applied to fresh fruits and vegetables to extend shelf life, preserve flavor and nutrients, and reduce reliance on refrigeration, pesticides, waxes, and plastics.
Circular EconomyCleantechFoodTech
LouJames Rogers(Founder)inJenny Du(Founder)in
Co-investors3cubed VenturesA-Rod CorpAgFunderAndreessen HorowitzBild Alternative Investments CorporationDoon Capital+10 more
Apeel Sciences develops food-preserving products made from edible plant materials to extend shelf life and reduce food waste.
FoodTech
Luiz(CEO)
Co-investorsAgFunder
BrightSource Energy develops OASES, a cloud-based energy management and optimization platform that uses AI and physics-based modeling to optimize renewable energy and storage portfolios including photovoltaics, battery storage, microgrids, wind turbines, and EV charging.
AI & Machine LearningCleantechEnergyOakland, US
Co-investorsRiverwood CapitalVantagePoint Capital PartnersDraper Fisher Jurvetson (DFJ)Morgan Stanley
BurnBot builds purpose-built, remotely controlled machines and services for wildfire mitigation, fuels management, vegetation control, and timber operations.
CleantechClimate TechHardwareRoboticsSouth San Francisco, US
Waleed Haddad(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardAnukool Lakhina(Executive Officer, Director)in
Co-investorsAmerican Family VenturesConvective CapitalDCVC (Data Collective)Ecosystem Integrity FundHAWKTAILLOWERCARBON+8 more
Chestnut Mortgage uses AI to automate document review, loan processing, and comparisons to reduce costs and timelines for residential mortgage borrowers.
AI & Machine LearningFintechPropTechSan Francisco, US
Spencer Brown(Founder)in
Co-investorsY CombinatorNeer Venture PartnersOlive Tree Capital
Chestnut provides software technology for insurance carriers and producers to manage distribution, improve operational efficiency, and optimize growth.
Enterprise SoftwareInsurTechSaaS
Co-investorsAndreessen Horowitz
Develops nature-based carbon removal projects including afforestation and improved forest management in the United States.
Chestnut Carbon develops nature-based carbon removal projects—including afforestation (ARR) and improved forest management (IFM)—that restore and conserve privately-owned U.S. forests, focused on the Southeastern U.S. and nationwide.
CleantechClimate TechImpact & Social Good
Eloan, a division of Banco Popular de Puerto Rico, offers online lending and financial products to consumers.
Fintech
Farmers Business Network (FBN) operates a digital platform and network for farmers, offering direct purchasing of agricultural inputs (crop protection, nutrition, animal health, feed), ag financing (farmland, operating, and equipment loans), and data-driven analytics.
AgTechB2B MarketplacesFintechFoodTechSan Carlos, US
Charles Baron(Executive Officer)Diego Lopez Casanello(Executive Officer, Director)Guillaume Luebke(Executive Officer)Amol Deshpande(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardLorenzo Gonzalez(Director)John Vaske(Executive Officer, Director)
Fiber Global is a climate technology company that reclaims waste streams like corrugated cardboard to manufacture building materials, including its flagship Forged Fiber Board panels.
Advanced ManufacturingCircular EconomyClimate TechNew MaterialsIndiana, US
KC McCreery(Founder)in
Co-investorsTaiwan Global Angels
BiotechSouth San Francisco, US
Mark D. McDade(Director)W. Michael Kavanaugh, M.D.(Executive Officer)Brian G Atwood(Director)R. Lee Douglas(Director)Fred E. Cohen, M.D., D.Phil.(Director)Franklin M. Berger, CFA(Director)
Co-investorsLightstone Ventures
Co-investorsLightstone Ventures
Co-investorsNew Science VenturesVeeco
Provides biomass burial and reforestation solutions for land damaged by wildfire.
Develops cutting edge electronic switches to create a more energy efficient and sustainable world.
Co-investorsATEL VenturesPaladin Capital GroupPiva CapitalVertical Venture Partners
Menlo Micro develops MEMS-based electronic switch technology, spun out of General Electric's Global Research Center, offering switching solutions used across a range of electronic systems including RF, industrial, and communications applications.
CleantechDeep TechHardwareSemiconductorsIthaca, US
Chris(Co-Founder & CTO)Risa Stack(Co-Founder & Board Member)Russ Garcia(CEO)
Co-investorsVertical Venture PartnersGE VenturesStandard InvestmentsPETRONAS Ventures
A company that builds transitional shelter villages to address homelessness by providing private living units with integrated social services and support.
Co-investorsAutodesk FoundationBuckhill Capital
Personalized internet radio powered by the Music Genome Project
AdTechOakland, US
Tim Westergren(Co-Founder; Chief Strategy Officer; CEO (May 2002 - July 2004; April 2016 - Sept 2017))inWill Glaser(Co-Founder)Jon Kraft(Co-Founder)Joe Kennedy(President & CEO)Brian McAndrews(CEO)Roger Lynch(CEO)
Co-investorsCrosslink CapitalGreylock PartnersKensington Capital Partners LimitedMoonshots CapitalNotable CapitalPrimary Venture Partners+3 more
Co-investorsCanaan Partners
Planet operates a web-geo platform that provides daily satellite imagery and foundational analytics of Earth's landmass for businesses, governments, and research institutions.
AgTechData & InfrastructureDeep TechSpace TechSan Francisco, US
Will Marshall(Co-founder and CEO)inRobbie Schingler(Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Officer)Christopher R. Boshuizen(Executive Officer, Director)inMark Jacobson(Director)Robert H. Schlingler Jr.(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardZachary Bogue(Director)in
Co-investors137 VenturesDCVC (Data Collective)Felicis VenturesFuture VenturesHemisphere Ventures LLCK3 Ventures+16 more
PowerLight Technologies (a dba of LaserMotive, Inc.) develops optical power beaming systems that convert electricity into high-intensity light, transmit it over long distances, and reconvert it to usable power at a specialized receiver.
Deep TechEnergyHardware
Tom Nugent, Jr.(Founder)inTim Jenks(CEO)Bob Zak(COO)Lori Bass(CFO)Tom Nugent(CTO)
Co-investorsLeadout CapitalQualcomm Ventures
Prevents catastrophic wildfires using a distributed network of autonomous aircraft that respond to ignitions within seconds.
Revolution Foods is the largest K-12 school meal vendor in California, serving nutritious meals to students and seniors.
FoodTechImpact & Social GoodCalifornia, US
Kristin Groos Richmond(Co-founder)Kirsten Saenz Tobey(Co-founder)George Blanco(CEO)inKendall Baker(Executive Officer)Kathy Roland(Director)Gerald Gallagher(Director)
Co-investorsNGEN PartnersOak Investment PartnersRevolutionThe Westly Group
Revolution Foods produces and distributes fresh, healthy meals, serving students and seniors with the goal of reducing food insecurity.
FoodTechImpact & Social Good
R-Zero provides AI software that reduces HVAC energy consumption in buildings by 20-40% using real-time occupancy and air quality data, with no infrastructure changes required.
CleantechEnterprise SoftwareIoT
Co-investorsCivilization Ventures Management, LlcLeadout CapitalQualcomm VenturesUpfront Ventures
Mapbox operates a developer cloud platform that provides maps, navigation, search, and geospatial data services built from continuously updated location data drawn from telemetry, aerial imagery, computer vision, and user contributions.
AI & Machine LearningData & InfrastructureDeveloper ToolsMobility & TransportationSaaS
Co-investorsEnergize CapitalFelicis VenturesFoundryGen CapitalGFR FundPremji Invest+7 more
San Mateo, US
Lyndon Rive(Founder)inBenjamin J Cook(Executive Officer)John H.N. Fisher(Director)Seth R Weismann(Executive Officer)Mark C Roe(Executive Officer)Tobin J. Corey(Executive Officer)
Co-investors137 VenturesMayfield FundSilver Lake Partners
Solaria is a solar panel product line whose warranty services are now administered by SunPower, Inc. (formerly Complete Solaria, Inc.).
CleantechEnergyHardwareFremont, US
Suvi Sharma(Executive Officer, Director)Robert Zapotosky(Executive Officer)Daniel Shugar(Director)Liu Yan(Director)Zhao Defeng(Director)
BoardLi Biao(Director)
Co-investorsCycad Group LLCAdams Street Partners
The Boring Company designs and constructs underground tunnel systems, including the Loop, an all-electric public transportation network, and develops tunnel-boring machines like Prufrock to accelerate large-scale infrastructure construction.
Construction TechLas Vegas, US
Elon Musk(Founder)
Co-investors8VCAlpha Wave GlobalAurum Venture PartnersCoatue ManagementDreamers VCFounders Fund+8 more
The Muse is a career discovery and employer branding platform that helps job seekers research companies and careers, while enabling organizations to attract talent by showcasing authentic employee stories and company culture.
Enterprise SoftwareFintechHR TechMarketing TechMarketplacesSaaSNew York City, US
Kathryn Minshew(Founder/CEO)inAlex Cavoulacos(Founder/COO)inMelissa Quino McCreery(Founder)
Co-investorsAcrew CapitalAspect VenturesFuture Perfect VenturesIcon VenturesQED InvestorsY Combinator+3 more
The RealReal is an online marketplace for authenticated luxury consignment, allowing consumers to buy and sell pre-owned designer clothing, accessories, jewelry, watches, and home goods.
Circular EconomyConsumerE-commerceMarketplacesSan Francisco, US
Julie Wainwright(Executive Officer, Director)Matt Gustke(Executive Officer)Henry V. Barry(Executive Officer)Henry V Barry(Executive Officer)
BoardMathias Schilling(Director)inCynthia Ringo(Director)
Co-investorsAcrew CapitalAspect VenturesBright Pixel CapitalCanaan PartnersGreycroftHDS Capital+10 more
Trove operates a platform for brand resale and recommerce, enabling iconic brands to sell returned and excess inventory through secondary markets.
AI & Machine LearningB2B MarketplacesCircular EconomyRetail TechBrisbane, US
ANDREW RUBEN(Director, Promoter)John Connolly(Founder)inGAYLE TAIT(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardGABRIEL KRA(Director)inBROOK PORTER(Director)inSHELLEY BRANSTEN(Director)
Co-investorsArcTern VenturesClaremont Creek VenturesCommerce VenturesG2 Venture PartnersGlobal BrainPrelude Ventures+5 more
UrbanSitter operates a marketplace platform where families book childcare, tutoring, pet sitting, housekeeping, and senior care services, while caregivers access flexible job opportunities with transparent pay and client reviews.
ConsumerFuture of WorkMarketplacesSan Francisco, US
Lynn Perkins(Co-founder)Andrea Barrett(Co-founder)Jessica Steel(Executive Officer, Director)Rob Hayes(Director)Neal Hansch(Director)
BoardVincent Caruso(Director)in
Co-investorsAdvance Venture PartnersAspect VenturesCanaan PartnersOwl CapitalRoyal Street Ventures Management Company, LlcThe Perkins Fund+1 more
ZincFive develops nickel-zinc (NiZn) batteries that provide backup and uninterruptible power for mission-critical applications across multiple industries and infrastructures.
CleantechEnergyHardwareTualatin, US
Tim Hysell(Co-founder & Strategic Advisor)Tod Higinbotham(CEO)inMarty Heimbigner(Chief Financial Officer)
BoardMark Perutz(Director)inJesse Johnson(Director)inMarc van den Berg(Director)
Co-investorsClimate InvestmentHelios Climate VenturesAlpha Ascent Ventures LlcAngeleno GroupBraemar Energy VenturesQiming Venture Partners
ZOLA Electric operates the ZOLA iNTELLIGENCE platform, which combines solar hardware with AI-driven software to build distributed energy networks and manage operations, financing, and maintenance for local teams.
CleantechEnergyImpact & Social Good
Co-investorsCeniarthE3 Capital
Rows marked “SEC filing” are inferred from directors named on the company's SEC Form D — public regulatory data, not a portfolio list published by the firm.
Exits · 2
IPOs and acquisitions across the tracked portfolioPortfolio news
latest coverage across their companiesAirspace · boards.greenhouse.io · Aug 17, 2026
SpaceX · businessinsider.com · Aug 16, 2026
Trove Recommerce · africa.businessinsider.com · Aug 14, 2026
The Real Real x-tech-robotics · ca.investing.com · Aug 6, 2026
Andela · en.wikipedia.org · Jul 21, 2026
Planet Labs · finance.yahoo.com · Jul 18, 2026
Solaria · esgtoday.com · May 1, 2026
PowerLight · nasdaqprivatemarket.com · Nov 20, 2025
Fund performance · per public LP disclosures · 2
as of Sep 2025| Fund | Vintage | Committed | Net IRR | TVPI | DPI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DBL Partners TIAB 2020LPs: Orange County Employees Retirement System | 2020 | — | 44.8% | 6.80x | — |
| DBL Partners TIAB 2018LPs: Orange County Employees Retirement System | 2019 | — | 40.4% | 9.70x | — |
Source: public limited-partner disclosures (CalPERS, CalSTRS). Net IRR / TVPI / DPI as reported by the limited partner; a fund's early-year IRR is an interim estimate (J-curve).
Frequently asked questions
- How many investments has DBL Partners made?
- DBL Partners has 60 tracked investments, 3 of which have exited via acquisition or IPO, including 1 dated in the last 24 months.
- What stage does DBL Partners invest at?
- DBL Partners invests at the Series A stage.
- What sectors does DBL Partners focus on?
- DBL Partners focuses on AgTech, AI & Machine Learning, Circular Economy, Cleantech, Climate Tech, Deep Tech, Energy, Impact & Social Good, Logistics & Supply Chain, Sector Agnostic, Space Tech.
- Where is DBL Partners located?
- DBL Partners is headquartered in Palo Alto, US.
- Who does DBL Partners co-invest with?
- DBL Partners most often shares deals with Aspect Ventures, Canaan Partners, DCVC (Data Collective), among 152 tracked co-investors.
Media · Podcasts & interviews
featuring the teamNancy Pfund, Founder and Managing Partner of DBL Partners
The Climate Group · Nancy Pfund
Investing in No-Sacrifice Models for Climate: Nancy Pfund, DBL Partners | What do cemeteries, luxury handbags, high-quality audio, and selling wheat have in common? If you ask Nancy Pfund, founder and managing partner of DBL... | By Harvard Business School
Nancy Pfund · facebook.com
Images
Co-investors · 19
Qualcomm Ventures is the corporate venture investment arm associated with Qualcomm, backing technology companies from early to growth stage across multiple sectors.
GV (Google Ventures) is a venture capital firm that has invested in artificial intelligence and machine learning since its early days, building a global portfolio of more than 100 AI companies across infrastructure, life sciences, and applications.
Kleiner Perkins is a venture capital firm that backs founders across technology and life sciences, from early stage through growth.
Spark Capital is a venture capital firm that partners with founders, known for early investments including leading Twitter's Series B in 2008.
Mayfield is a venture capital firm that invests in early-stage consumer and marketplace companies, backing founders from inception through IPO.
Paladin Capital Group invests in early stage and growth companies developing cyber, AI and deep technologies that address security and resilience needs for commercial and government customers.
Piva Capital is a venture capital firm that invests in companies aiming to shape the future for humanity.
TLcom Capital is a venture capital firm that invests in African founders and technology companies across stages from seed to growth.
SOSV is a deep tech venture capital firm that makes first-check pre-seed investments and follow-on rounds in startups focused on human and planetary health, providing lab space and hands-on support at its US locations.
Scale Venture Partners is an early-stage venture capital firm that partners with AI companies, supporting their transition from founder-led growth to a scalable go-to-market operation.
Energy Impact Partners is an investment firm that connects entrepreneurs with major corporate partners to help drive the transformation of the global economy toward a more sustainable future.
▶7 more co-investors
muru-DNational Science FoundationBow CapitalAsset Management VenturesElement PartnersAcre Venture PartnersVoLo Earth Ventures
Firms observed investing alongside DBL Partners, from public investor directories. Shared companies are the overlap with DBL Partners's recorded portfolio.
Similar investors
Everywhere Ventures is an early-stage venture firm, backed by a community of founders and operators as LPs, that writes early checks (including pre-seed) into startups across many sectors and geographies.
Viessmann Generations Group is a multi-generational family-owned investment and holding organization that co-creates sustainable living spheres, investing across majority platforms, minority stakes, early-stage ventures, strategic partnerships, generational real assets, and philanthropy.
BDC Fund Investments is the fund-of-funds arm of BDC Capital that acts as a limited partner, backing emerging and established fund managers who invest in technology-focused Canadian companies.
Norrsken VC is a European early-stage venture capital firm investing in technology addressing major global challenges across energy, industry and healthcare, born out of the Norrsken ecosystem for impact-focused founders.
WakeUp Capital is an early-stage climate and impact venture capital firm based in Ireland, backing tech-driven founders working on climate resilience and social equity.






































