Indicator Ventures — Full Portfolio

Pienso offers a no-code platform that lets subject-matter experts build and use AI and machine learning models from their data without deep technical skills.

AI & Machine LearningData & InfrastructureEnterprise SoftwareSaaSBrooklyn, US

Karthik Dinakar(Founder)inBJBirago Jones(Founder)inDhiraj Singh(Director)

BoardMKMitchell Kleinhandler(Director)in

Board seatJonathan Struhl· per SEC Form D

Co-investorsALAlumni VenturesDIDifferential VenturesENEniac VenturesGOGood Growth CapitalTHThe E14 FundUNUncork Capital+3 more

Affiniti is a financial technology company offering a platform that combines banking, payments, credit cards, expense management, bill pay, and accounting automation for small and mid-sized American businesses.

FintechSaaS

SPSahil Phadnis(Founder)in

Co-investorsEVEvolution VenturesLILightShed VenturesRIRiverPark VenturesSISignalFireSPSpice CapitalCOContrarian Thinking Capital+4 more

Arda develops therapeutics using single-cell computational biology to target and eliminate pathogenic cells in chronic diseases.

AI & Machine LearningBiotechDigital HealthLongevityMedical DevicesAustin, US

AFAdam Freund(Founder & Chief Executive Officer)inRLRemi-Martin Laberge(Founder and Chief Technology Officer)in

BoardVAVineeta Agarwala(Director)in

Co-investorsAGage1ALAlumni VenturesANAndreessen HorowitzGVGV (Google Ventures)LILifelinkMAMana Ventures+7 more

Astranis manufactures small, high-powered geosynchronous satellites equipped with advanced digital processing technology for global telecommunications and connectivity services.

Advanced ManufacturingDeep TechHardwareSpace TechSan Francisco, US

JGJohn Gedmark(CEO)inRMRyan McLinko(CTO)inMike Mancini(Executive Officer)Siamak Ebadi(Lead RF Engineer)inHCHall Chen(RF Payload Design)inShraddha Pandya(Talent Acquisition)

Co-investorsANAndreessen HorowitzATATEL VenturesBLBlack FlagBOBoxGroupCACantos VenturesCHCherubic Ventures+87 more

AudioShake develops sound separation technology that splits audio into component parts for media, entertainment, and speech workflows.

AI & Machine LearningCreator EconomyMedia & EntertainmentSan Francisco, US

JPJessica Powell(CEO & Co-Founder)inLuke Miner(CTO & Co-Founder)in

BoardAHAlexander Hartz(Director)in

Co-investorsALAlumni VenturesCOCoho DeeptechCRCrush VenturesDIDisney AcceleratorOROrigin VenturesPRPrecursor Ventures+4 more

Beacon Biosignals develops AI-powered EEG analytics technology to improve diagnosis and treatment of neurological, psychiatric, and sleep disorders.

AI & Machine LearningBiotechDigital HealthMedical DevicesBoston, US

Jacob A. Donoghue, M.D., Ph.D.(Executive Officer, Director)JDJacob Donoghue(CEO & Co-Founder)inJRJarrett Revels(CTO & Co-Founder)in

BoardCaitlin Donovan(Director)Pavel Raifeld(Director)NRNaveen Rao(Director)in

Co-investorsGEGeneral CatalystALAlumni VenturesCACatalio Capital Management, LPGVGV (Google Ventures)IAIaso VenturesIRIrregular Expressions+4 more

Belay offers insurance policies that reimburse retail investors for losses when they sell insured stocks below a protected price.

FintechInsurTechPhiladelphia, US

Grayr Bleyan(Executive Officer)Stedman Blake Hood(Executive Officer, Director)

Co-investorsRERed Beard VenturesALAlpaca VC

Blaze is an AI platform that generates marketing content for social media, blogs, email, and video.

AI & Machine LearningMarketing TechSaaS

ANAdam Nathan(CEO & Founder)in

Co-investorsABAbstract VenturesALAlumni VenturesARArray Ventures Management LlcCHChamaeleonEAEarl Grey CapitalHUHustle Fund+5 more

Bombas sells socks, underwear, and t-shirts direct to consumers, donating an equivalent item to people in need for each purchase.

Advanced ManufacturingConsumerDirect to ConsumerImpact & Social GoodNew York, US

DHDavid Heath(Executive Officer)Monica Chow(Executive Officer)NCNicholas Carrillo(Executive Officer)inJohn Mulliken(Executive Officer)JLJason LaRose(Executive Officer)in

BoardPeter Garran(Executive Officer)

Co-investorsG G SquaredNENew York AngelsTHThird Point Ventures

Brave Care operates pediatric primary and urgent care clinics designed to treat common acute conditions in children, supplemented by remote consultations delivered by clinicians.

HealthtechPortland, US

AMAsa Miller(Founder)inD"Darius "Bubs" Monsef(Founder)inMTMaryam Taheri(Founder)inCFCorey Fish, MD(Founder)inGary Gerlacher(Executive Officer, Director)Corey Fish, M.D.(Executive Officer, Director)

Co-investorsALAlumni VenturesAVAV8 VenturesFIFifty YearsVEVentureSouqWEWestern Technology InvestmentY Y Combinator+17 more

Bright provides solar energy systems and battery storage (BESS) solutions for industrial, manufacturing, and commercial businesses in Mexico, along with flexible financing options including PPAs, leasing, and direct purchase to facilitate renewable energy adoption.

Advanced ManufacturingCleantechClimate TechEnergyFintechNew York City, US

JGJonah Greenberger(Founder)inJSJB StraubelAna Cardoso(Head of People Ops)Fanny Wenzel(Talent Acquisition)Diana Garcia(Head of Recruiting)Kathya Hernandez(Lead Recruiter)

Co-investorsY Y CombinatorCOCollaborative FundFIFirst Round CapitalSOSoma Capital1010x GroupCACaffeinated Capital+17 more

Brink is a generalized intents protocol for Web3 that offers an Intent Engine accessible via API, letting developers integrate features such as gasless recurring token swaps.

Crypto & Web3Developer ToolsFintech

Co-investorsFIFirst Star VenturesIOIOSG VenturesLELemniscap

CAKE POS is an all-in-one restaurant point-of-sale system offering handheld POS, kitchen display systems, self-service kiosks, payment processing, online ordering, loyalty and marketing tools, and commercial-grade hardware.

FoodTechRetail TechSaaS

CapLinked provides virtual data rooms used to manage due diligence and share confidential documents during M&A transactions and other deals.

Developer ToolsEnterprise SoftwareFintechSaaSManhattan Beach, US

EJEric Jackson(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)inChristopher Grey(Founder)Eric M. Jackson(Founder)

Co-investors50500 GlobalWEWestern Technology InvestmentARArtha GroupCOConversion CapitalFOFounders FundSISiemer Ventures+2 more

CapWay was an Atlanta-based fintech offering digital banking and financial literacy tools for banking deserts; it shut down in 2024.

Co-investorsBABackstage CapitalEMEmles Venture PartnersFEFearless Fund

CapWay was a fintech company focused on creating inclusive financial access, but the company has ceased operations.

FintechSaaSAtlanta, US

SASheena Allen(Founder)in

Co-investorsNENew Orleans Startup FundSTStacked CapitalY Y CombinatorBABackstage CapitalCECedar Point CapitalCOCollective WOC+13 more

Catch provides automated financial management and benefits solutions for independent workers and freelancers, handling tax withholding, retirement savings, and health insurance enrollment without relying on traditional employer-provided benefits.

FintechHealthtechInsurTechNew York City, US

AAAndrew Ambrosino(Founder)inKristen Anderson(Founder)Alexandra Smith(Director, Engineering)Carl Reyes(Lead, Apps)Jess Little(Director, Partnerships)Alvin Ohlenbusch(Lead, Platform)

Co-investorsARArdent VentureCRCrosslink CapitalDEDeepwater Asset ManagementKUKube VCLOLoup VenturesPRPrehype+20 more

Chariot Claims is a consumer service that identifies legal claims individuals may qualify for against corporations (such as data breaches, hidden fees, or junk charges), files the paperwork on their behalf, and connects them with vetted law firms to pursue mass arbitration and class settlements.

ConsumerFintechLegalTech

cielo24 was a video data company providing captioning, transcription and media data labeling; acquired by Rev and closed in 2025.

Santa Barbara, US

BPBrian Plackis-Cheng(Executive Officer, Director)Shanna Johnson(Executive Officer)

BoardJohn F. Frankel(Director)inClaudia Iannazo(Director)EHEric Holmen(Director)inJames Kwon(Director)

Co-investorsAVaVentureFFFf Venture CapitalMOMontage CapitalNONorth Base MediaPEPereg VenturesWAWavemaker Partners

CoinFund is a crypto-focused investment firm that backs and partners with founders building companies across finance, infrastructure, and AI.

Crypto & Web3Fintech

JBJake Brukhman(Managing Partner, Co-Founder and CIO)inAFAlex Felix(Managing Partner, Head of Venture Investing)in

Co-investorsNANarwhal VenturesBUBullpen CapitalCOCoinbase VenturesHAHaun VenturesHOHOF CapitalJUJump Crypto+3 more

Capital Factory is an investment and advisory network that connects ambitious founders and operators with investors, advisors, and resources to support early-stage companies addressing significant challenges.

Deep TechSector AgnosticAustin, US

BLBen Lamm(Founder)inBBBrian Beard(Executive Officer, Director)inBen Lamm George Church(Founder)George M. Church(Founder)

BoardTCTom Chi(Director)in

Co-investorsATAt One VenturesBOBold Capital PartnersBOBOLD LongevityBRBreyer CapitalCACapital FactoryCACarnrite Ventures+19 more

A healthcare information platform that provides dental specialists with centralized access to patient records, charts, and medical information across multiple office locations.

Digital HealthHealthtechSaaS

Dandy is a digital dental laboratory that provides AI-powered technology and software to dental practices, offering services including crowns, bridges, dentures, implants, and clear aligners.

AI & Machine LearningHealthtechMedical Devices

DHDaniel Hanover(Founder)inTOToni Oloko(Founder)in

Co-investors3C3cubed VenturesAVAvenir Growth CapitalDODorm RoomGEGeneral CatalystHUHuman CapitalINInspired Capital+10 more

Faster, simpler access to market data.

CQChristina Qi(Founder)in

Co-investors2.2.12 AngelsALAlumni VenturesBEBelvedere Strategic CapitalBLBlindspot Ventures Management CoCACastor VenturesDIDifferential Ventures+17 more

Disco, formerly Co-op Commerce, runs a shared network that lets direct-to-consumer brands cut customer acquisition costs together.

CSConner Sherline(Founder)inCandice Faktor(Founder)Chris Sukornyk(Founder)

Co-investorsFEFelicis VenturesGRGround Up VenturesSUSuperangelSUSuperAngel.FundBEBessemer Venture PartnersFUFusion VC+9 more

Disco is a platform for building branded learning academies that combine AI tools, course creation, and community features into one experience.

AI & Machine LearningEdTechSaaS

CFCandice Faktor(Co-founder)CSChris Sukornyk(Co-founder)in

Co-investorsGAGarage CapitalGOGolden VenturesGSGSV VenturesINInovia CapitalMAMantella Venture PartnersBEBessemer Venture Partners+6 more

Disco is a US company that makes a real-time employee recognition tool.

HR Tech

Justin Vandehey

Co-investors50500 GlobalINInventus Capital PartnersBEBessemer Venture PartnersFEFelicis VenturesLILiveOak VenturesRIRiverPark Ventures+3 more

DISCO offers a file management platform designed specifically for music and media teams to organize, catalog, and distribute music files across digital streaming platforms.

Creator EconomyEnterprise SoftwareMarketing TechMedia & EntertainmentSaaS

Co-investorsBRBridford Investments (Bridford Group)BEBessemer Venture PartnersFEFelicis VenturesLILiveOak VenturesRIRiverPark VenturesSHShopify+2 more

Dorothy is a real-time weather and incident intelligence platform that tracks storms and other hazards and enriches affected addresses with property data, imagery, and loss history.

Climate TechData & InfrastructureInsurTech

Co-investorsBTBT Growth CapitalEVEverywhere VenturesKEKeiki CapitalKNKnoll VenturesMIMission One CapitalPOPortfolia+4 more

EDGE Boost is a financial platform and Visa card that lets gamblers fund their play with a dedicated, FDIC-insured account separate from their bank, offering cash back on gaming transactions, fiat and crypto deposits, and spending controls.

FintechGamingSports Tech

Co-investorsMAMantis CapitalBUBullpen CapitalCOCoinFundIMImpulsum VenturesSTStepstone GroupSUSuRo Capital

Edyn makes a soil sensor and connected water valve that monitor garden conditions and automate watering schedules for home gardeners and small farms.

Advanced ManufacturingAgTechSan Francisco, US

JAJason Aramburu(CEO)inLuke IsemaninAndy Brett

Co-investorsY Y CombinatorACAcequia Capital (AceCap)BIBINARY CAPITALMOMorningside GroupPAParkwood ConsolidatedPEPegasus Tech Ventures+3 more

Expectful is a health and wellness content platform and meditation app for people trying to conceive, during pregnancy, and postpartum.

Digital HealthFemTechMental HealthWellness & Fitness

NWNathalie Walton(Co-founder)in

Co-investorsALAlumni VenturesBRBreak Trail VenturesJOJoyance PartnersTHThe Perkins FundPOPowerhouse Capital

Goodpath provides a scalable integrative care model that coordinates care across multiple clinical disciplines for employees.

Digital HealthEnterprise SoftwareHealthtechWellness & Fitness

BoardAFAkl Fahed(MD, MPH)NUNishant Uppal(MD, MBA)

Co-investorsALAlumni VenturesBLBlindspot Ventures Management CoBYBY Venture PartnersCACastor VenturesCICity LightENEnable Ventures+3 more

Hike Medical provides preventative musculoskeletal care focusing on foot health, combining technology with clinical expertise to make treatment more accessible to working Americans.

Digital HealthHardwareHealthtechMedical Devices

Aadi Bhanti(CEO & Co-founder)SCSteven Chacko(Co-founder)in

Co-investorsFIFifth Down CapitalRIRiverPark VenturesSASaga VenturesFOFounders Fund

ianacare provides tools, resources, and communities to support family caregivers, with a focus on home-based care and caregiver support.

Digital HealthHealthtechWellness & FitnessNewton, US

JKJessica Kim(Founder)inSLSteven Lee(Founder)inKim(Co-founder)

Co-investorsABAble PartnersENEntrée CapitalFOFounder CollectiveGRGreycroftSESemperVirens Venture CapitalSEService Provider Capital

San Francisco, US

AGAdam Gomolin(Executive Officer, Director)inThaddeus Woodman(Executive Officer, Director)

BoardLawrence Levitsky(Executive Officer, Director)

Co-investorsFOForefront Venture

IrisVR was a NYC startup founded in 2014 by Shane Scranton and Nate Beatty that made VR software, notably Prospect, letting AEC professionals view BIM/3D models in immersive walkable VR on headsets like Oculus Rift and HTC Vive.

Burlington, US

SSShane Scranton(Founder)NBNate Beatty(Founder)inThomas Beatty(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)

Co-investorsBABantam GroupEMEmergence Capital PartnersTETechstars

Letter offers automated investment and wealth management services including portfolio management using BlackRock models, crypto deposit accounts with interest, native stock trading, and automatic cash sweeping features.

FintechSan Diego, US

DWDrew Wilson(Founder)inMDMatt DeLoach(Founder)inACAndrew CarrollBHBen HowdleRRRick Richardson

Co-investorsOPOpera VenturesY Y CombinatorBABattery VenturesEAEarl Grey CapitalLILightbankSTStage 2 Capital

Lob provides software and hardware infrastructure for automating, personalizing, and tracking direct mail campaigns at scale.

Enterprise SoftwareLogistics & Supply ChainMarketing TechSaaSNew York City, US

HZHarry Zhang(Founder)inLALeore Avidar(Founder)inEduardo Browne(Executive Officer)Donnell Vanker(Executive Officer)RFRyan Ferrier(Chief Executive Officer)inAnna Donavan

Co-investorsFIFirst Round CapitalFLFloodgateFRFrontline VenturesFUFundersClubINInitialized CapitalSASaints Capital+22 more

Makini provides a single integration layer and Unified API that connects AI agents and software to industrial systems such as ERP, CMMS, and WMS, spanning modern cloud products and legacy on-prem plant systems.

Advanced ManufacturingAI & Machine LearningData & Infrastructure

Co-investorsKUKube VCPLPlug and Play VenturesSOSoma CapitalBABalderton Capital

Netomi is a customer experience platform powered by AI that enables enterprises to interact with customers across multiple channels with intelligence and consistency.

AI & Machine LearningEnterprise SoftwareMarketing TechSaaSSan Francisco, US

PMPuneet Mehta(CEO)inNicholas Bruno(Senior Recruiter)Anant Verma(Head of Enginering)Michael Kahn(Vice President Sales)Can Ozdoruk(Vice President Marketing)Shilpi Sardana(Head of People Ops (India Labs))

Co-investorsADAdvancit CapitalBABare VenturesBOBowery CapitalBOBoxGroupHAHaymaker VenturesUPUpslope Ventures+14 more

Nimble is an AI-driven CRM platform that combines customer relationship management, email marketing, sales prospecting, and workflow automation for solopreneurs and small teams.

SaaSSales Tech

JFJon Ferrara(Founder)in

Co-investorsBABantam GroupMOMoonshots CapitalNENew Ground VenturesDADatabricks VenturesHEHetz VenturesJ-J-Ventures+4 more

Nova Credit aggregates global credit bureau data, bank transaction data, and payroll information to help lenders assess borrowers and provide fairer access to credit for underserved populations including international newcomers, gig workers, and others traditionally excluded from the financial system.

Data & InfrastructureEnterprise SoftwareFintechNew York City, US

MEMisha Esipov(CEO)inLJLoek Janssen(Advisor at large)inNicky Goulimis(Founder)CJCatherine Jue(Implementation R\u0026D)inAnnie Shin(Engineering Manager)Michael Vobejda(Software Engineering Intern)

Co-investorsGEGeneral CatalystKLKleiner PerkinsA-A-Rod CorpAVAvid VenturesBABallistic VenturesBEBetter Tomorrow Ventures+25 more

OpenX is a supply-side platform (SSP) for digital advertising that uses AI, data leadership, and proprietary identity technology to manage ad inventory and targeting.

AdTechAI & Machine LearningNot specified on page, US

DRDAMON REEVE(Director)inTCTIM CADOGAN(Executive Officer, Director)inJMJoshua Metzger(Interim CEO)in

BoardNMNINO MARAKOVIC(Director)inANDREW Scott BRACCIA(Director)BDBERNARD DALLE(Director)in

Co-investorsCHChartline Capital PartnersDADag VenturesINIndex VenturesLOLocalGlobeMIMitsui Global InvestmentPRPresidio Ventures+7 more

Wilmington, US

Oluwatoniloba Oloko(Executive Officer, Director)Daniel Hanover(Executive Officer, Director)

Co-investorsDODorm Room

Co-investorsBABantam GroupWAWalnut Venture Associates

Polymer provides runtime visibility and control over sensitive data as it moves across enterprise systems and SaaS platforms.

AI & Machine LearningCybersecurityData & InfrastructureEnterprise SoftwareSaaS

YAYasir Ali(Founder)in

Co-investorsGRGreen Egg VenturesINInspiration VenturesMAMaccabee VenturesMUMudita VentureSTStory VenturesSTStudio VC+4 more

Reflex is an on-demand staffing platform that connects retailers with vetted, background-checked retail associates for shifts such as sales, cashier, inventory, and event roles.

Future of WorkMarketplacesRetail TechAustin, US

MMMike Meyers(Founder)inCarson Jones(Executive Officer, Director)

BoardGeoff Bernstein(Director)

Co-investorsATATX Venture PartnersCACanaan PartnersRERed Swan VenturesSEService Provider CapitalALAlpine Space VenturesBABayern Kapital+2 more

JDJustin Donovan(Founder)inDaryn Lam(Founder)in

Co-investorsCLClocktower VenturesFJFJ LabsINInfinity VenturesMUMu Ventures

Resolve helps patients navigate and reduce medical bills through expert negotiation with hospitals and billing systems.

ConsumerFintechHealthtech

Braden(Founder)

Retrocausal develops AI-powered intelligence augmentation systems for manufacturing shopfloors, helping assembly operators, plant managers, and industrial engineers boost productivity, quality, and safety.

Advanced ManufacturingAI & Machine LearningEnterprise SoftwareIoTSeattle, US

ZZZeeshan Zia(Founder & CEO)inMuhammad Zeeshan Zia(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)RFRick Faulk(Director)inQuoc-Huy Tran(Director)

BoardKMKleida Martiro(Director)inBMBaiyin Murphy(Director)in

Co-investorsARArgon VenturesATAtland VenturesCACapria VenturesDIDifferential VenturesGLGlasswing VenturesINIncubate US+5 more

Scope connects customers with technology solutions and enables software vendors to expand their reach through a marketplace model.

B2B MarketplacesCloud ComputingDeveloper ToolsEnterprise SoftwareMarketing TechSaaS

Xander Oltmann(Founder, CEO)

Co-investorsCACarnrite Ventures

Shibumi provides project and portfolio management software designed for enterprise-scale program execution, enabling teams to align work with strategic business objectives such as revenue and market share.

AI & Machine LearningEnterprise SoftwareSaaSRoyal Oak, US

Bob Nahmias(Founder & Chief Executive Officer)inJason Bobby(Founder & Chief Financial Officer)inKPKen Pellegrino(Founder & Chief Strategy Officer)inMDMark DiGirolamo(Founder & Chief Customer Officer)inJesse Jacobs(Jesse Jacobs is Manager of Shibumi LLC)

BoardGeoff Bernstein(Director)

Co-investorsCOCostella KirschSTStripes

Simplifeye provides software for dental practices, including end-to-end HIPAA-compliant payment tools, online scheduling, live webchat staffed by trained people, and patient communication features to accelerate revenue and improve the patient experience.

Digital HealthFintechSaaS

Simply Bail is a management platform for bail bond agents that consolidates case management, e-document signing, payment plan collection, inventory tracking, court date reminders, GPS defendant check-ins, arrest alerts, and reporting into one system.

FintechLegalTechSaaSAtlanta, US

Peter Morris(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)

Co-investorsGRGreen Egg VenturesIUIU VenturesMUMu VenturesRIRiverPark VenturesSISidecut VenturesUNUNCOMMON DENOMINATOR

Standard Metrics provides portfolio management and analysis software for investors, enabling automated data collection, centralized storage, and AI-powered insights across venture-backed companies.

AI & Machine LearningEnterprise SoftwareFintechSaaS

JMJohn Melas-Kyriazi(Founder)inDeny Khoung(Founder)Kevin Hsu(Founder)

Co-investors8V8VCADAdapt VenturesALAlpha EdisonBRBroom VenturesFIFin CapitalFIFirst Trust Capital Partners+15 more

Stark provides an end-to-end accessibility platform with integrated tools for design, development, and compliance that helps teams find and fix accessibility issues from initial design through live product.

Developer ToolsEnterprise SoftwareSaaS

CNCat Noone(Founder)in

Co-investorsADAdvent InternationalALAlumni VenturesBLBlueYard CapitalFOFocal VenturesPRProject A VenturesSESequoia Capital+3 more

Burlingame, US

MIHIR VIJAY GONDHALEKAR(Director)Saurav Shroff(Founder)in

BoardROHAN PUJARA(Director)in

Co-investorsALAlpha FundsARARA NEA Ventures (Brand: Dmz.Xyz)BABalerion Space VenturesCRCrucible CapitalFUFusionGOGoAhead Ventures+7 more

New York, US

Andre Hill(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)

BoardACAndrew Cleland(Director)in

Co-investorsCOComcast VenturesNANat Turner

GamingSeattle, US

Rahul Sood(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)Karl Flores(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)

Co-investors50500 GlobalLELerer HippeauPAPantera CapitalADAdvancit CapitalBIBINARY CAPITALMAMark Cuban+1 more

VIDA creates sustainable, fashion-forward apparel and personal care products manufactured in the USA.

Circular EconomyConsumerDirect to ConsumerMarketplacesSan Francisco, US

UMUmaimah Mendhro(CEO)inEPEddie Phanichkul(CEO)in

Co-investorsHAHalogen Ventures Management Company LlcRERevolutionUPUpslope VenturesY Y CombinatorACACE & CompanyBEBeehive Holdings+4 more

Zed Run was a blockchain-based digital horse racing game where players owned, bred and raced NFT racehorses.

Co-investorsRERed Beard VenturesTHThe Chernin Group (TCG Crypto)ANAndreessen Horowitz