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1kx

Venture capitaloperating company · company profile

Road Town, Tortola · Pre-Seed–Growth · 21 people tracked

Also known as 1KX MANAGEMENT LTD.

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Investment thesis

1kx invests on the structural thesis that trust is becoming contestable and that the largest technology outcomes will accrue to networks and companies that compress the cost of trust. The firm underwrites on fundamentals, commits across market cycles, and partners with founders building blockchain-native configurations that compound over time. Its work centers on decentralized finance, stablecoin payments, and the protocols beneath them, informed by ongoing research such as its Cost of Trust framework and onchain revenue analysis.

Source: firm website, verified Aug 25, 2026.

Stage
Pre-Seed–Growth
Check
$50K – $1M
HQ
Road Town, Tortola, NL
Leads rounds
Leads
Instruments
Equity
Founded
2018
Last 12 months
2 investments
AUM
$75M
VC funds
2
Tracked investments
133

Team · 21 people

from the firm's website
Peter Pan· Research Partnerin
Nichanan Kesonpat· Research Principalin
Carly E. Howard· General Counsel

What they invest in

from 83 of 133 portfolio companies

Crypto & Web3 ×72Fintech ×32Data & Infrastructure ×22Developer Tools ×20AI & Machine Learning ×12Cybersecurity ×9SaaS ×7Deep Tech ×5

HQs:United States×23United Kingdom×3Germany×1Finland×1France×1Nigeria×1

Who they back

founder profiles across 28 portfolio companies
71%
solo founders
20 of 28 mapped founding teams
55%
repeat founders
of 11 founders with career history

Founding team size:solo founder×202 founders×73 founders×1

Where their founders worked beforefrom 11 founders with career history

ConsenSys ×2

Investments · 133 tracked

founders shown can be your intro path

By year:2026 · 12025 · 22024 · 62023 · 22021 · 112 dated

Overlayoverlay.market𝕏✓ verified

Overlay is a decentralized protocol offering perpetual markets for long-tail crypto assets, including emerging tokens, pre-CEX assets, and narrative-driven assets that traditional venues cannot support.

Crypto & Web3Data & InfrastructureFintech

Co-investorsParaFi Capital

rhinestonerhinestone.wtf𝕏✓ verified

Rhinestone provides an intent engine and SDK for crosschain smart accounts, offering one API to unify balances and execute onchain actions across 12+ blockchains.

Crypto & Web3Developer Tools

Co-investorsCircle VenturesCoinFund1k(x)Lattice Capital

Rhinestonerhinestone.dev𝕏✓ verified

Rhinestone provides an intent engine and SDK for crosschain smart accounts, offering a single API to unify balances and execute onchain actions across 12+ chains.

Crypto & Web3Data & InfrastructureDeveloper Tools

Kurt Larsen(Founder)

Co-investorsCoinFundCircle VenturesLattice Capital

Superstatesuperstate.comin𝕏Feb 2026 · $82.5M✓ verified

Superstate builds tokenization infrastructure that puts securities such as private funds, mutual funds, ETFs, and company shares onchain, connecting them with crypto capital markets for 24/7 trading and DeFi use.

Crypto & Web3FintechNew York, US

Robert Leshner(Co-founder & Chief Executive Officer)Jim Hiltner(Co-founder & Head of Business Development)inDean Swennumson(Co-founder & Head of Operations)inJon Walch(Head of Engineering)inEmily Coleman(Head of Marketing & Communications)inAlex Zozos(General Counsel)in

Co-investorsHaun VenturesArrington CapitalBain Capital CryptoBrevan Howard DigitalBreyer CapitalCoinFund+10 more

Abstractabs.xyz𝕏

Abstract is a web3 platform for building, deploying, and scaling onchain applications, offering an ecosystem portal for users to discover apps, communities, and earning opportunities.

Crypto & Web3Developer ToolsGaming

Co-investors1k(x)Atlantic Vantage PointCheyenne VenturesCrosslink CapitalRally Ventures Management, Llc

Alkimiyaalkimiya.io

A DeFi protocol creating a marketplace for blockspace.

Co-investorsCastle Island VenturesCoinbase VenturesCircle VenturesDragonflyRobot VenturesTribe Capital

Alliance Labsalliance.xyzin𝕏

Alliance is a selective accelerator and founder community for crypto and AI startups, providing $1M in funding, a 10-week program (in-person in New York City plus remote), mentorship, and connections to investors to help startups reach product-market fit.

AI & Machine LearningCrypto & Web3New York City, US

Imran ..(Founder)in

Co-investorsFounders FundAdaverseCoinbase VenturesKindred VenturesMulticoin CapitalNascent+7 more

Ark Financial

Co-investors1k(x)

Arweavearweave.orgin𝕏

Arweave is a decentralized ecosystem that offers grants and investment opportunities through various organizations including non-profits, DAOs, and venture studios to support projects and developers building on its network.

Cloud ComputingCrypto & Web3Data & InfrastructureFintechLondon, GB

Sam Williams(Founder & CEO)

Co-investors1k(x)a16z cryptoAdvanced BlockchainAndreessen HorowitzArrington CapitalBig Brain Holdings+22 more

Arxarx.org𝕏Nov 2025 · $6.1M

Arx develops secure chips that embed blockchain authentication into physical items like apparel, collectibles, and certificates, enabling decentralized provenance verification and digital experiences without centralized servers.

Crypto & Web3Deep TechHardware

Co-investorsInflection.xyzPlaceholder VCCastle Island VenturesPlaceholderSeed Club Ventures

autonolasolas.network𝕏

Olas is a decentralized platform for AI agents that users own and control, letting agents perform tasks such as trading on prediction markets and managing portfolios while users retain custody of their funds.

AI & Machine LearningCrypto & Web3Marketplaces

Co-investorsARKN venturesGenerative VenturesSMAPE Capital

Blockscoutblockscout.com𝕏Jun 2024 · $3M

Blockscout is an open-source multichain block explorer for EVM-based networks, supporting over 1,000 chains including layer 1s, optimistic rollups, and zk rollups.

Crypto & Web3Data & InfrastructureDeveloper ToolsMahe,

Igor Barinov(Director)

Co-investors1k(x)Ethereum

Bluffbluff.com

Co-investors1k(x)

Botto Privatebotto.com𝕏

Botto is a decentralized autonomous AI artist that generates artworks continuously, with a community of contributors voting to influence the theme, style, and imagery of each piece.

AI & Machine LearningCreator EconomyCrypto & Web3

Co-investorsCollab+CurrencyVariant Fund

Bprotocolbprotocol.org
BuildBearbuildbear.ioin𝕏

BuildBear provides cloud-enabled, private EVM sandboxes that let Web3 development teams test and debug smart contracts under simulated mainnet conditions, with forking, faucets, block explorers, and plugins for services like account abstraction and price feeds.

Cloud ComputingCrypto & Web3Developer Tools

Co-investorsITERATIVE

Calderacaldera.xyzin𝕏

Caldera provides a rollup engine that lets apps and communities launch customizable, purpose-built blockchains that settle on Ethereum, along with Metalayer for cross-chain connectivity and shared liquidity.

Crypto & Web3Data & InfrastructureDeveloper Tools

Co-investors1k(x)Lattice CapitalMH VenturesSequoia CapitalEspresso SystemsSevenX Ventures

Campcampnetwork.xyz𝕏Apr 2025 · $25M

Camp Network is a Layer-1 blockchain for intellectual property infrastructure, providing a global IP registry that lets users own and monetize their IP and enables AI agents to train on user-owned IP.

AI & Machine LearningCrypto & Web3Data & Infrastructure

James Chi(Founder)inNirav Murthy(Founder)in

Co-investors1k(x)Blockchain CapitalEterna CapitalHyperithmMarin Digital VenturesOnePiece Labs+6 more

Celestiacelestia.orgin𝕏

Celestia designs and delivers custom, high-throughput blockchain chains for enterprises, separating compute and storage so each scales independently.

Crypto & Web3Data & InfrastructureEnterprise Software

Mustafa Al-Bassam(Chairman & CEO, Celestia Foundation)inNick White(Co-founder & CEO, Celestia Labs)Preston Evans(CTO, Celestia Labs)Sarah Armstrong(CFO)Zach Leibowitz(General Counsel)

Co-investorsAdvanced BlockchainAlphaLab CapitalBain Capital CryptoBlockchain CapitalCaladanCoinbase Ventures+18 more

Code4rena Decentralized audit competitionscode4rena.com𝕏Defunct

Code4rena was a platform that organized security audits and bug bounties for decentralized finance projects, connecting security researchers with blockchain development teams.

Crypto & Web3Cybersecurity

Co-investors1k(x)NascentParadigm

Connext/Everclearconnext.network𝕏

Connext provides xCall, a developer tool that enables applications to interact with users, tokens, and other applications across multiple blockchains.

Crypto & Web3Developer ToolsSan Francisco, US

Arjun Bhuptani(Executive Officer, Director)Layne Haber(Executive Officer, Director)inRahul Sethuram(Executive Officer)

Co-investorsA.Capital VenturesAmentum Investment ManagementCVP NoLimitD1 VenturesFenbushi CapitalFigment+4 more

Coop Recordscooprecords.xyz

Web3 music venture founded by Cooper Turley, investing in music startups and artists and issuing tradable song-linked coins.

Co-investors1k(x)Coinbase Ventures

Covalentcovalenthq.comin𝕏

Blockchain data infrastructure firm whose decentralized Covalent Network indexes multi-chain data served via the GoldRush API.

Ganesh Swami(Founder)in

Co-investors1k(x)BitDAOBlack DragonCoinbase VenturesIOSG VenturesMantle Network+5 more

Cryptiocryptio.coin𝕏

Cryptio provides cryptocurrency transaction tracking and analytics across multiple blockchains.

Crypto & Web3Data & InfrastructureBrooklyn, US

Antoine Scalia(Executive Officer, Director)

BoardBartosz Jacubowski(Director)Louis Coppey(Director)in

Co-investors1k(x)BlockrocketBlueYard CapitalCathay InnovationDraper AssociatesKima Ventures+2 more

CryptoPunkscryptopunks.app𝕏

CryptoPunks is a collection of 10,000 algorithmically generated 24×24 pixel avatar portraits issued as non-fungible tokens on the Ethereum blockchain, with a native onchain marketplace for bidding, buying, and selling.

Crypto & Web3Media & Entertainment

Matt HallJohn Watkinson

Co-investorsStandard Crypto

Curvecurve.finance

Curve is a decentralized exchange and automated market maker optimized for low-slippage swaps between similarly priced crypto assets.

Co-investors1k(x)Electric CapitalStake Capital

Decen Spacedecenspace.com

Co-investors1k(x)

Decentdecent.buildin𝕏

Decent provides a framework for launching and operating crypto tokens with onchain contracts, warrants, regulatory compliance structures, and audited open-source smart contracts designed to protect investors.

Crypto & Web3Developer ToolsEnterprise SoftwareFintechSaaS

Co-investorsDigital Currency GroupGateCap VenturesHivemind Capital Partners

Ecoeco.comin𝕏

Eco provides a developer platform for stablecoin companies to enable cross-chain money movement without building underlying infrastructure.

Crypto & Web3Fintech

Ryne Saxe(Founder)in

Co-investors1k(x)a16z cryptoActivant CapitalAndreessen HorowitzAusum VenturesChampion Hill Ventures+10 more

Energy Webenergyweb.orgin𝕏

Energy Web builds blockchain-based infrastructure and a marketplace (Energy Web X) offering compute pools such as SmartFlow, Carbon-Aware, and GP4BTC for energy and sustainability applications.

CleantechCrypto & Web3Energy

Ed Hesse(Founder)

Co-investors1k(x)Advanced BlockchainBlackhorn VenturesFuture Energy VenturesMerkle Tree CapitalMoonlanding Ventures+2 more

Evercleareverclear.orgDefunct

Everclear was a cross-chain settlement and clearing protocol that shut down in May 2026 after failing to monetize its volume.

Co-investorsCoinbase Ventures

Fabric Cryptographyfabriccryptography.comin𝕏

Fabric builds the Verifiable Processing Unit (VPU), a chip and card/server hardware line that accelerates core cryptographic primitives for cryptographers and cryptography engineers.

Crypto & Web3HardwareSemiconductors

Co-investors1k(x)Blockchain CapitalInflection.xyzMetaplanetMatter LabsOffchain Labs+1 more

Flexaflexa.networkin𝕏

Flexa provides crypto payment infrastructure that allows merchants to accept digital assets at points of sale.

Crypto & Web3FintechNew York, US

Daniel McCabe(Executive Officer)Zachary Kilgore(Executive Officer)Trevor Filter(Executive Officer)Tyler Spalding(Executive Officer)

Co-investorsPantera Capital2020 VenturesAccess VenturesBlockchain CoinvestorsNima CapitalRobot Ventures

Flexaflexa.coin𝕏

Flexa is a payment infrastructure provider that enables merchants to accept cryptocurrency and digital assets at points of sale, alongside traditional payment methods, without requiring changes to existing acceptance stacks.

Crypto & Web3Fintech

Daniel McCabe(Founder)in

Co-investors1k(x)Nima CapitalPantera CapitalRobot Ventures

Fluencefluence.network𝕏

Fluence is a decentralized "cloudless" computing platform that combines blockchain with high-performance computing to let developers build and scale applications without relying on centralized cloud providers.

AI & Machine LearningCloud ComputingCrypto & Web3Deep Tech

Evgeny Ponomarev(Co-Founder & COO, Cloudless Labs)inTom Trowbridge(Co-Founder & CEO, Cloudless Labs)Dmitry Kurinskiy(Co-Founder & CTO, Cloudless Labs)Bernhard Borges(Chief Scientist, Cloudless Labs)

Co-investorsMulticoin CapitalPolymorphic CapitalSignum Capital

Fuzzlandfuzz.land𝕏

Fuzzland provides on-chain security through continuous penetration testing that combines AI, fuzzing, and formal verification to scan the mempool for vulnerabilities and detect exploits in real time.

AI & Machine LearningCrypto & Web3Cybersecurity

Co-investors1k(x)

Fxhashfxhash.xyz

Co-investorsFabric Ventures

Gearboxgearbox.fi𝕏

Gearbox provides institutional credit infrastructure for tokenized real-world assets and stablecoins, offering margin, prime brokerage, and portfolio loan products.

Crypto & Web3FintechSaaS

Co-investorsPlaceholder VCPolymorphic CapitalPlaceholderVariant Fund

Gigglesgiggles.me

Giggles is a social video application where trends are tradable, allowing users to earn money while browsing content.

ConsumerMedia & EntertainmentSocialDover, US

Co-investors1k(x)

Ginza

Co-investors1k(x)

Gnosis Safegnosis-safe.io𝕏

Safe provides smart contract wallets on Ethereum and other networks, using multisignature setups that distribute access control across multiple owners with features like spending limits, approval thresholds, role-based access, transaction simulation, and recovery guardians.

Crypto & Web3CybersecurityFintech

Martin Köppelmann(Founder)in

Co-investorsBixin CapitalBixin VenturesDigital Currency GroupCoinbase VenturesGreenfieldLightspeed Venture Partners+1 more

Gunzilla Gamesgunzillagames.com

Alexander Zoll(Founder)

Co-investors1k(x)Andromeda CapitalDigital StrategiesGamegroove CapitalGhaf Capital PartnersLvna Capital+4 more

IDEX

Co-investors1k(x)

Iglooigloo.inc

Co-investors1k(x)

Impossible Cloudicn.global

Co-investors1k(x)CVP NoLimitImpossible FinanceNo Limit Holdings (NLH)

Incoinco.network

Co-investors1k(x)

Incoinco.org𝕏Feb 2024 · $4.5M

Inco provides a confidentiality layer that integrates with existing blockchains, using isolated hardware environments and cryptography to protect address and transaction details.

Crypto & Web3CybersecurityDeveloper Tools

Co-investorsBig Brain HoldingsCoinbase VenturesGSRSymbolic CapitalZero Knowledge Validator (ZKV)Script Capital+1 more

Index Coopindexcoop.comin𝕏

Index Coop is a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) that builds and maintains onchain structured products, including leverage tokens and automated "Smart Loop" yield strategies.

Crypto & Web3Fintech

Co-investors1confirmationCollider VenturesWhite Star CapitalBlockchain.com Ventures

IYKiyk.app𝕏Sep 2023 · $16.8M

IYK provides a platform for musicians to strengthen artist-fan relationships by embedding digital verification technology into merchandise and live shows.

Creator EconomySaaS

Christopher Lee(Founder)in

Co-investors1k(x)a16z cryptoAndreessen HorowitzCollab+CurrencyLattice CapitalNarcissus Ventures+1 more

JokeDAOjokerace.io

Co-investors1k(x)Maven 11RockawayX

Jokeracejokerace.xyz

Co-investorsBitDAOMantle NetworkSpice Capital

Kaia Decentralized infra Digital Assetkaia.ioin𝕏

Kaia is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain focused on stablecoin settlement and onchain finance, offering 1-second blocks and instant finality for exchange flows, FX settlement, and institutional transfers.

Co-investorsAlphaLab CapitalBlockchain CapitalCaladan

Kilnkiln.fiin𝕏Jan 2024 · $17M

Kiln provides infrastructure for staking cryptocurrencies across multiple blockchain networks, letting asset owners earn rewards by securing networks and participating in protocol consensus.

Crypto & Web3Data & InfrastructureFintechParis, FR

Thomas de Phuoc(Founder)

Co-investors1k(x)A.Capital VenturesBlueYard CapitalGSRIOSG VenturesKima Ventures+7 more

Kilnkiln.techJan 2024 · $17M

Kiln is a platform and open-source Python library for building, evaluating, and optimizing AI systems, offering evals (LLM-as-judge), prompt auto-optimization, fine-tuning, synthetic data generation, RAG, and agent/tool composition.

AI & Machine LearningDeveloper ToolsSaaS

Co-investorsPanache VenturesConsenSysGSRKrakenKXVCLBank

Kilnkiln.comin𝕏Jan 2024 · $17M

Kiln operates boutique, hospitality-inspired coworking and flexible office spaces, offering coworking access, private offices, meeting rooms, and event venues for individuals, startups, and enterprise teams.

Future of WorkPropTechSalt Lake City, US

Arian Lewis(Co-Founder & CEO)Leigh Radford(Co-Founder)

Co-investorsKickstartKXVCLBank

Kivi3kivi3.comin𝕏

Kivi3 provides an embedded, non-custodial digital wallet that runs on feature phones and everyday devices without app installation, enabling cross-border money transfers and access to digital financial services for people using affordable phones.

FintechImpact & Social Good

Co-investors1k(x)

Kulipa London & Pariskulipa.xyzin𝕏

Kulipa provides API infrastructure that lets fintechs issue stablecoin-backed payment products, including physical and virtual cards, embedded wallets, and white-labelled virtual accounts.

Crypto & Web3FintechSaaSNew York City, US

Michael Shynar(Founder)

Co-investors1k(x)BlockwallFabric VenturesWhite Star Capital

Lagrangelagrange.devin𝕏May 2024 · $13M

Lagrange builds cryptographic infrastructure for verifiable compute, with two products: Halo, which coordinates distributed autonomous systems in degraded or contested conditions for defense applications, and DeepProve, which generates zero-knowledge proofs verifying that AI inference outputs came from a specific model and inputs.

AI & Machine LearningCrypto & Web3Defense Tech

Co-investors1k(x)ArchetypeBitDAOLattice CapitalMantle NetworkArchetype Ventures+3 more

Portfolio news

latest coverage across their companies

Frequently asked questions

How many investments has 1kx made?
1kx has 74 tracked investments, including 1 dated in the last 24 months.
What stage does 1kx invest at?
1kx invests at the Pre-Seed, Seed, Series A, Series B, Growth stages.
What is 1kx's typical check size?
1kx typically writes checks of $50K – $1M.
What sectors does 1kx focus on?
1kx focuses on AI & Machine Learning, Crypto & Web3, Data & Infrastructure, Fintech, Sector Agnostic.
Where is 1kx located?
1kx is headquartered in Road Town, Tortola, NL.
Does 1kx lead rounds?
Yes, 1kx leads investment rounds.
Who does 1kx co-invest with?
1kx most often shares deals with 1k(x), Coinbase Ventures, Blockchain Capital, among 175 tracked co-investors.

From the blog

visit blog ↗

Media · Podcasts & interviews

featuring the team

1kx's Peter Pan at Messari Mainnet 2024

Messari · Peter Pan

Fireside chat w/ Christopher Heymann (1kx) and Tom Trowbridge (Fluence) @ DePIN Day Singapore

Fluence · Christopher Heymann

What are Autonomous Worlds? w/Peter Pan (1kx) | MINIHASH 005

Rehash: A Web3 Podcast · Peter Pan

Horizontal Scalability for L2s | Wei Dai - 1kx

ETHDenver · Wei Dai

Exclusive Interview with 1KX Founding Partner Lasse Clausen | KBW2023

Korea Blockchain Week · Lasse Clausen

1kx: Supply and demand DAOs for go-to-market - Peter Pan @ The DAOist GGG

The DAOist · Peter Pan

Images

1kx photo1kx photo1kx photo

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