Living Carbon
YC W20San Francisco, US · Founded 2019 · 40 employees · Hiring · 15 known investors
Living Carbon develops precision-bred tree varieties and reforestation techniques to convert marginal land into carbon-sequestering ecosystems. The company targets climate mitigation through enhanced photosynthesis and biodiversity restoration.
Also known as Living Carbon PBC
Founders & leadership· Y Combinator alumni (W20)
Living Carbon was founded in 2019 by Maddie Hall.
Investors · 15
Company profile
researched Aug 2026Living Carbon is a climate biotechnology and reforestation company that combines precision tree breeding with reforestation on degraded land in the United States. Its early technical work focused on photosynthesis-enhanced trees: a first product was a hybrid poplar with enhanced photosynthesis, faster growth than control seedlings and high temperature tolerance, and the company published a white paper stating that a photosynthesis-enhancing genetic trait improved biomass accumulation in plants by up to 53%, corresponding to roughly 27% more carbon captured. The company has also been developing a trait allowing plants to accumulate higher levels of metals in their roots to slow decomposition, extend carbon storage life, produce more durable wood, and support treatment of toxic soils [6].
The current commercial offering spans three areas presented on the company website: land partnerships with landowners, carbon removal for corporations, and custom-grown biomass feedstock. The forestry team specializes in restoring abandoned mineland and degraded agricultural land, conducting site preparation and planting mixed native species. For corporate buyers, Living Carbon sells carbon credits and designs bespoke reforestation projects within customer supply chains, describing its US projects as offering additionality, limited leakage and co-benefits such as soil health and biodiversity. On the biomass side, it is developing fast-growing poplar trees that accumulate more biomass than other lines, offered as feedstock sited near a partner's processing facility or supply chain [0][3][4].
Named projects include a reforestation project on former agricultural land in Ohio spanning five sites previously used for corn and soy production, to be converted to large-scale mixed native forest, and reforestation of former mineland in West Virginia, including a site that was a surface mine for over 30 years and was revegetated largely with invasive species [3]. Earlier reporting described carbon project development with landowners in Pennsylvania and Georgia [6].
Business model
Living Carbon develops reforestation projects on third-party land and monetizes the resulting carbon removal. Landowners retain ownership and property access while Living Carbon pays for seedlings, site design, site preparation, planting labor and documentation such as forest management plans and carbon data collection, and guarantees annual payments per acre to the landowner. Living Carbon then sells the carbon removal to corporations, either as credits from its own projects or through bespoke projects designed within a corporate customer's supply chain. A separate line supplies custom-grown biomass feedstock from fast-growing poplar sited near a partner's processing facility [0][3][4].
Revenue comes from sales of carbon removal credits and offtake agreements with corporate buyers (for example agreements announced with Microsoft, Symbiosis and Octopus Energy Generation), bespoke custom carbon project development, and biomass feedstock supply partnerships [0][3][5].
Traction
By January 2023 the company said new funding would allow production of 4-5 million photosynthesis-enhanced seedlings for large-scale planting, with a stated goal of doubling planted area each year; press coverage cited plans to plant 4 million trees in the US in 2023. Subsequent announcements include an April 2025 agreement with Microsoft for 1.4 million tonnes of carbon removal from reforestation of former mine lands in Appalachia, carbon offtake agreements with Symbiosis announced March 2026, and a $500 million deal with Octopus Energy Generation announced April 2026. The about page lists roughly 20 named team members across research, forestry, carbon and finance functions [0][2][5][6].
Latest developments
On 30 April 2026 Living Carbon announced a $500 million deal with Octopus Energy Generation to restore degraded land and remove CO2, accompanied by press coverage of Octopus Energy entering the carbon credit business. On 30 March 2026 it announced new carbon offtake agreements with Symbiosis. A March 2026 blog post discusses lessons from building the company. The website is enrolling landowners for reforestation and advertising open positions [0][2][5].
▸Full profile — market position, technology, go-to-market, geography, history, risks & controversies
Market position
Positioned as a US-focused carbon removal project developer using nature-based reforestation of degraded land, differentiated by its biotechnology work on enhanced trees. Press coverage identified it as the first to plant genetically modified trees in a US forest and it has attracted large corporate offtake counterparties including Microsoft, Symbiosis and Octopus Energy Generation [0][5].
Combination of proprietary precision-bred/photosynthesis-enhanced tree lines with in-house forestry operations focused on hard-to-restore sites such as abandoned mineland; a landowner offer that removes upfront cost and guarantees annual per-acre payments while the landowner retains ownership and access; and claims of additionality with limited leakage plus biodiversity and soil-health co-benefits [0][3][4][6].
Technology
Precision tree breeding and plant biotechnology aimed at increasing carbon capture and storage. The first product was a hybrid poplar with enhanced photosynthesis showing faster growth than control seedlings and high temperature tolerance; a company white paper reported up to 53% improvement in biomass accumulation and potential for about 27% more carbon capture. Additional development includes photosynthesis-enhanced pine for mixed forests and a trait that accumulates metals in roots to slow decomposition and increase carbon storage durability. Operationally, the company applies site-tailored preparation, native species selection sourced from local nurseries, and ongoing monitoring and carbon data collection [0][3][4][6].
Go-to-market
Direct enrollment of landowners via an application and free site assessment, followed by a site visit, contract and payment once planting is complete; corporate sales of carbon credits and bespoke projects; and publicity through press coverage and press releases on large offtake agreements [0][4][5].
Two customer groups: landowners with undervalued or degraded land (abandoned mines, degraded farmland, unproductive soils) who enroll acreage for reforestation, and corporations buying carbon removal credits, commissioning bespoke reforestation projects, or sourcing biomass feedstock [0][3][4].
Geography
United States-focused. Named project locations include Ohio (former agricultural land, five sites) and West Virginia (former mineland); earlier coverage cited carbon project development with landowners in Pennsylvania and Georgia, and a Microsoft agreement covering former mine lands in Appalachia. The company is listed in databases as based in San Francisco, California [3][5][6][7].
History
Public press coverage of the company dates from at least June 2021, with 2022 coverage of genetically engineered trees and a $15 million raise reported in February 2022, and Frontier's first carbon-capture commitments referenced in June 2022. In February 2022 the company announced research indicating photosynthesis-enhanced trees grow faster and capture more carbon. In January 2023 it closed a $21 million Series A led by Temasek, bringing total investment raised to $36 million, and in February 2023 press reported the first planting of genetically modified trees in a US forest. From 2024 onward the company's public activity shifted toward reforestation project delivery and large corporate carbon offtake agreements (Microsoft in 2025; Symbiosis and Octopus Energy Generation in 2026) [5][6].
Risks & controversies
The use of genetically modified and bioengineered trees has drawn debated press coverage, including articles questioning whether GMO trees should be used to slow climate change and reporting on the first planting of genetically modified trees in a US forest. A December 2023 company blog post discusses lessons learned about applying synthetic biology for 1000+ year carbon dioxide removal. No regulatory actions or disputes are described in the available sources [5].
Compiled by commissioned research from 8 cited public sources — announcements, filings, and press listed under research sources below.
Key figures
latest reportedCompany-reported or press-reported figures, each dated to when it was claimed — not independently audited.
Non-dilutive funding · 2 SBIR/STTR awards
Federal grants — no equity takenSource: SBIR.gov award data (U.S. Small Business Administration). SBIR/STTR awards are competitive federal R&D grants and contracts — non-dilutive capital alongside any venture rounds above.
Timeline · 6
launches, deals, and filingsLiving Carbon announced a $500 million deal with Octopus Energy Generation to restore degraded land and remove CO2; accompanying press coverage reported Octopus Energy entering the carbon credit business.
$500M source ↗
Living Carbon announced new carbon offtake agreements with Symbiosis.
Living Carbon announced an agreement with Microsoft for 1.4 million tonnes of carbon removal from reforestation of former mine lands in Appalachia.
Press coverage listed by the company reported that genetically modified trees were planted in a US forest for the first time.
Living Carbon raised $21 million in a Series A led by Temasek with participation from Lowercarbon Capital, Toyota Ventures, Felicis Ventures and other strategic investors, bringing total investment to date to $36 million. Proceeds were earmarked for producing 4-5 million photosynthesis-enhanced seedlings, large-scale planting, team growth and further bioengineering work.
$21M source ↗
Company press release stated new research indicating photosynthesis-enhanced trees grow faster and capture more carbon.
Dated company events from announcements, filings, and press; legal rows summarize public dockets and regulator releases.
In the news
▸Research sources · 8
primary sources listed
- Living Carbonlivingcarbon.com · web
8 public sources were cited for this profile; the first-party ones are listed here.
Frequently asked questions
- What does Living Carbon do?
- US climate-biotech and reforestation developer restoring degraded mine and farm land to generate carbon removal credits.
- Who founded Living Carbon?
- Living Carbon was founded by Maddie Hall in 2019.
- Who are Living Carbon's investors?
- Living Carbon's investors include Congruent Ventures, Darco Capital, Floodgate, Homebrew, Juniper, LOWERCARBON, Lowercarbon Capital, Metaplanet and 7 more.
- Where is Living Carbon headquartered?
- Living Carbon is headquartered in San Francisco, US.





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