U.S. Air Force — 2018 Investments
134 investments dated 2018 · listed companies and verified rows first · show all
14bis supplies technology solutions to the aerospace and defense sector, applying blockchain and data analytics to enable connectivity and visibility in complex defense systems.
Data & InfrastructureDeep TechDefense TechBoston, US
Eleanor Mitch(Founder)in
Co-investorsTechstars
300 Below manufactures custom cryogenic processors for aerospace, deep space, and industrial applications, and exports firearms.
Advanced ManufacturingDeep TechHardwareNew Materials
A company specializing in drone and unmanned systems technology, providing visualization, image generation, and simulation solutions.
AgTechConstruction TechDeep TechDefense TechHardwareRoboticsDayton, US
Bret R. Givens(Founder)Mr. SubrDr. Tom Hughes
Verdantas Flow Labs (formerly Alden Research Laboratory) is a hydraulics and fluid dynamics research and testing facility serving utilities, energy companies, and government agencies.
CleantechClimate TechDeep TechEnergy
Andy Johansson(Practice Leader, Hydrology, Hydraulics, & Fluids)
Ampaire develops hybrid-electric propulsion systems for aircraft, with the AmpDrive technology deployed across multiple aircraft types to reduce fuel consumption, maintenance costs, and noise emissions.
CleantechClimate TechEnergyHardwareSpace TechLos Angeles, US
Kevin Noertker(Founder)inCory Combs(Founder)inRyan Bilton(Executive Officer, Director)
Co-investors1955 CapitalAutodesk FoundationDiamondStream PartnersHemisphere Ventures LLCPay It Forward - PIFSand Hill Angels+5 more
ARES Security develops enterprise physical security software including the AVERT platform for security design, assessment, command and control, and situational management.
CybersecurityDeep TechDefense TechEnterprise SoftwareSaaSVienna, US
ARMR Systems develops a wearable vascular clamp system for rapid hemorrhage control in trauma situations where medical help is not immediately available.
Defense TechHealthtechMedical DevicesBaltimore, US
Chibueze Ihenacho(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardSandy Potter(Director)Paul Floyd(Director)Douglas Brodman(Director)
Co-investorsAtlanta Technology AngelsMaryland TEDCOTamiami AngelTEDCOUniversity System of Maryland Momentum Fund
Astrapi develops spiral-based signal modulation technology for radio communications, enabling improvements in cellular networks, satellite systems, microwave networks, and space communications.
Deep TechDefense TechSpace TechDallas, US
Jerrold Prothero(CEO and Founder)David Shaw(Co-Founder/Chief Commercialization Officer)Rita Martinez Solon(Co-founder and Director of Strategic Support)
Co-investorsAscend Venture CapitalAscend Venture Capital
Augmntr is a systems engineering and software development firm that builds real-time intelligence systems combining edge AI, multi-modal sensing, and spatial computing for use in low-bandwidth, time-critical environments.
AI & Machine LearningDeep TechDefense TechGrass Valley, US
Lafe Redd(Co-Founder & CEO)inAlex Pavloff(Co-Founder & CTO)inBrian Lafe Redd(Executive Officer, Director)
AutoCrib designs, manufactures, and markets automated inventory control and point-of-use dispensing machines for manufacturing and retail companies to manage tools and supplies.
Advanced ManufacturingEnterprise SoftwareHardwareIoT
BaseConnect builds a secure, private social network and communication tools (including its ReCaller feature) for military operators, designed to connect troops, communities, and businesses without collecting or monetizing personal data.
Defense TechGovTechSaaSSocialEnid, US
Tony Weedn(Founder)in
Belmont Scientific provides thermal hazard evaluation, chemical reactivity testing, and battery failure analysis services for industrial and battery manufacturers.
Advanced ManufacturingBiotechDeep TechEnergyEnterprise SoftwareNew Materials
Surendra K. Singh(Founder & President)
Binergy Scientific develops electrochemical biosensors, biotechnology materials, and power sources using enzymatic electron transfer processes for food quality and safety monitoring, chemical and biological defense, and military and consumer applications.
BiotechDeep TechDefense TechEnergyMedical Devices
Blind Tiger Communications builds an automated RF security platform that detects and disables unauthorized phones and drones without jamming.
Atlanta, US
Co-investorsTechstars
Bokam Engineering manufactures specialized control devices and sensors for harsh and extreme environments, including joysticks, pedals, trackballs, and submersible equipment for aerospace, maritime, military, and industrial applications.
Advanced ManufacturingDefense TechHardwareIoT
Dr. Boris Kamentser
CloudAhoy develops flight debriefing software for pilots to review and analyze flight data, supporting primary, advanced, and recurrent training as well as day-to-day flight operations.
ConsumerEdTechMobility & TransportationSaaSBoston, US
Chuck Shavit(Founder and former CEO)Tani ShavitEtan Rozin
TeamCreator uses AI-powered team matching and organization network analysis to identify and assemble optimal groups of people for conferences, events, training programs, and enterprises based on customized criteria and survey data.
AI & Machine LearningData & InfrastructureDefense TechEnterprise SoftwareFuture of WorkGovTechSaaSSector AgnosticMinneapolis, US
Brennan Townley(CEO)
CoVar develops AI/ML software and services for automatic target recognition, drone detection, and satellite imagery analysis, primarily for U.S.
AI & Machine LearningDeep TechDefense TechEnterprise SoftwareSector Agnostic
Mark Hibbard(Founder)Martin Milner(Founder)Dr. Peter Torrione(Chief Technologist)Dr. Kenneth D Morton, Jr.(Chief Technologist)
Moving target defense turning attackers' methods against them.
Walnut Creek, US
Michael Burshteyn(Executive Officer, Director)inBoris Burshteyn(Executive Officer, Director)
Co-investors408 VenturesDraper Associates
Dynamic Dimension Technologies (DDT) builds engineering and software solutions—including simulation tools, robotics systems, and data solutions—for government and commercial clients, with a track record supporting the U.S.
Deep TechDefense TechRobotics
Karl Leodler(CEO)
Co-investorsMaryland TEDCOTEDCO
Easy Aerial builds military-grade autonomous "Drone-in-a-Box" UAV systems, including free-flight and tethered drones and handheld ground control stations, for defense and commercial security and situational-awareness needs.
Defense TechHardwareRobotics
Electro Standards Laboratories provides research and development engineering services in power electronics, communications, and control systems for industrial applications including defense and transportation sectors.
Advanced ManufacturingDefense TechEnergyEnterprise SoftwareHardwareCranston, US
Enduvo is a knowledge-capture and training platform that helps organizations record the expertise of their most experienced people, keep it up to date, and deliver it to workers before they need it.
EdTechEnterprise SoftwareFuture of WorkPeoria, US
Matthew Bramlet(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)Steve Garrou(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)in
San Francisco, US
San Gunawardana(Founder)inHelen Boniske(Director)Krassimir Piperkov(Founder)
BoardMatt Bigge(Director)in
Co-investorsCrosslink CapitalGen CapitalAHOY CAPITALBrightCap Investment Advisor ADLemnos VCPromus Ventures+1 more
ETP provides battery forensics, fire investigation, and battery development services including testing, qualification, and counterfeit identification for the renewable energy and battery industries.
Advanced ManufacturingDeep TechEnergyHardwareSaukville, US
Mike EskraPaula Ralston(Operations Manager)
Fortiphyd Logic builds security solutions for industrial control systems (ICS) and operational technology (OT) environments, addressing both immediate operational needs and long-term security value for critical infrastructure protection.
CybersecurityDeep TechDefense TechEdTechIoTAtlanta, US
David(Co-founder)Raheem Beyah(Co-founder, Chairman of the Board)John CopelandJohn JerrimJohn Balsam
Co-investorsEvergy Ventures
Austin, US
Hardik Jain(Executive Officer, Director)inSriram Vishwanath(Executive Officer, Director)Stephen Gartside(Executive Officer, Director)
Co-investorsUT Horizon FundAzure Capital PartnersBandgap VenturesBMW i VenturesIntel Capital
Goodman Technologies manufactures advanced composite materials and nanocomposites for aerospace, defense, and space applications using patented processes in additive and robotic manufacturing.
Advanced ManufacturingDeep TechDefense TechNew MaterialsNew Mexico, US
Grid Logic develops binder-free, multi-material 3D printing of metal and ceramic powders, using support powder to hold part geometry and hot isostatic press (HIP) processing to fabricate fully-dense parts.
Advanced ManufacturingHardwareNew Materials
Guardion develops nanomaterial-based ion detectors that enable portable and sensitive analytical instruments for mass spectrometry, environmental monitoring, and chemical threat detection.
AI & Machine LearningDeep TechHardwareIoTBoston, US
Daniel Esposito(CEO)
BoardDr. Swastik Kar(2D Materials Expert)
Co-investorsTechstars
HAMR develops advanced materials and manufacturing solutions for defense, aerospace, and industrial applications including hypersonics, energy systems, munitions, and fusion technologies.
Advanced ManufacturingDeep TechDefense TechNew MaterialsPittsburgh, US
Michael P. Schmitt(CEO, Senior Research Scientist)Jeremy Schreiber(CTO/CDO, Senior Research Scientist)
Co-investorsAlumni VenturesDorm RoomFine Structures VenturesFlybridge Capital PartnersExplorer 1 Fund
Hivemapper is a decentralized mapping network built on Solana that enables contributors to map the world in real time using cameras and apps while earning rewards through a token-based incentive system.
Crypto & Web3Data & Infrastructure
Ariel Seidman(Founder)in
Co-investorsAccelerator VenturesBorderless VentureFounder CollectiveHemisphere Ventures LLCHomebrewLDA Capital+10 more
Image Insight (I3) develops patented software—GammaPix and LookOut—that turns unmodified COTS cameras and mobile devices into radiation detectors and into sensors that detect and track drones and other aerial and maritime threats.
AI & Machine LearningDefense TechHardwareEast Hartford, US
Michael Kerrigan(Director)Gordon Drukier(Executive Officer)Rob Rubin(Director)Michael A. Serio(Executive Officer, Director)Eric P. Rubenstein(Executive Officer, Director)Richard Gitlin(Director)
Immersive Wisdom develops a Remote Collaborative Operations Center software platform that serves government, financial services, and logistics sectors.
Cloud ComputingDefense TechEnterprise SoftwareGovTechSaaSBoca Raton, US
Co-investorsIn-Q-Tel
HealthtechDublin, US
J. Ryan Eder(Executive Officer, Director)Chris Slee(Executive Officer)
BoardEmma Off(Director)inJohn Hopper(Director)Mike Venerable(Director)inMike Louge(Director)
Co-investorsCincyTechTamarind Hill
Inductive Ventures develops solid-state magnetic braking and wheel systems that replace conventional friction brakes, using magnetic fields and a motor/generator to brake while recapturing kinetic energy.
Deep TechHardwareMobility & Transportation
Innovator Health develops patented telemedicine technology and a platform intended to make remote encounters comparable to in-person visits, with applications including hospital-to-hospital transfers.
Digital HealthHealthtechMedical Devices
Darren J. Sommer(CEO and Founder)
Intellisense Systems designs and manufactures defense electronics and environmental monitoring systems, including meteorological/weather stations, avionics displays, and modular power management and distribution solutions.
Defense TechHardwareIoT
Invisible Interdiction Inc. designs counter-drone (C-UAS) systems that jam UAV control and GPS frequencies to force unauthorized drones to disengage, including its hand-held and fixed-site "Ghoul Tool" and "Terminator" product lines.
Deep TechDefense TechHardware
Manufactures handheld devices with M84-class output and electronic safe-arm control, designed for military or defense applications with configurable effects and low-roll geometry.
Advanced ManufacturingDefense TechHardwareRobotics
Lunar Outpost builds robotic infrastructure, lunar rovers, and space resource systems to support human exploration and commerce on the Moon and other planetary bodies.
Deep TechHardwareRoboticsSpace TechGolden, US
Andrew Gemer(Executive Officer)inForrest Meyen(Co-Founder & CSO)inJulian Cyrus(Co-Founder & COO)inJustin Cyrus(Founder)inAJ Gemer(Co-Founder & CTO)in
BoardDaniel Kleinmann(Director)in
Co-investorsAurelia FoundryBalerion Space VenturesBeyond Earth VenturesEniac VenturesIndustrious VenturesSpace Capital+6 more
EvenPulse offers resilience and stress self-regulation training through its BASE-R Method for individuals and teams, including business, healthcare, education, athletic, and military/first-responder audiences.
EdTechMental HealthWellness & Fitness
Stephen Robinson(Co-founder)Elizabeth Robinson(Co-founder)
Makai Ocean Engineering provides ocean engineering and software services, including ocean-based renewable energy systems (OTEC, SWAC), submarine cable planning software, marine pipeline design, thermal management, and subsea AI/ML development.
Deep TechEnergyHardwareWaimanalo, US
Mile 2 is a custom software development company that serves startups, Fortune 500 companies, and government clients.
AI & Machine LearningDefense TechDeveloper ToolsEnterprise SoftwareGovTechSaaSDayton, US
MVP Robotics develops robotic training systems that simulate human motion and performance for athletes and defense applications.
Defense TechHardwareRoboticsSports TechHanover, US
John Currier(Co-founder)Buddy Teevens(Head Coach (concept originator))
NanoAL develops high-performance aluminum alloys using nanostructured designs and advanced processing methods, serving industrial, aerospace, and defense markets.
Advanced ManufacturingCircular EconomyDeep TechNew MaterialsEvanston, US
Dr. Nhon Vo(Co-founder)Dr. David Dunand(Co-founder)Dr. David Seidman(Co-founder)
Near Space Launch develops satellite communication and bus platforms for small satellite missions, providing radios, diagnostics systems, and CubeSat solutions with integrated connectivity and ground infrastructure for commercial and government operators.
Deep TechDefense TechHardwareIoTSpace TechUpland, US
Hank Voss(Chief Scientist)Jeff Dailey(Chief Engineer)
Norcon Technologies develops low SWaP-C infrared polymer optics based on Polycalc, a moldable optical polymer with high IR transparency, for use in thermal imaging, night vision, and heat-detection sensors.
Deep TechDefense TechNew MaterialsTucson, US
Robert Norwood(CTO & Co-founder)
AI & Machine LearningCybersecurityIoTCambridge, US
Co-investorsLightspeed Venture PartnersTechstarsHeadlineIlluminate FinancialJibe Ventures
Novaa is an RF engineering company that designs advanced RF aperture architectures, electronically steered arrays, beamforming systems, and millimeter-wave technologies for aerospace, defense, and commercial customers.
Deep TechDefense TechHardwareSpace TechSeattle, US
Markus Novak(Founder, President & Technical Lead)Robert Russell(Business Lead)
NOVI Space provides a platform called GENIEedge that enables organizations to develop, deploy, and operate AI/ML and analytics applications directly on satellites, processing Earth observation and sensor data at the source in orbit.
AI & Machine LearningData & InfrastructureDefense TechSpace Tech
Dr. Amit Mehra(CTO and Co-Founder)Scott Steffan(CRO and Co-Founder)inDr. Constantine Papageorgiou(Head of Applied AI and Co-Founder)Dr. Michael Bartholomeusz(CEO and Board Member)
Co-investorsACADEMY INVESTORAIN VenturesFelicis VenturesMonk's Hill VenturesOPAMP CAPITAL
OmniPreSense manufactures short-range radar sensors for smart city, drone, and robot applications that enable collision avoidance and traffic monitoring.
Advanced ManufacturingAI & Machine LearningHardwareIoTRoboticsSan Jose, US
Co-investorsTechstars
optoXense develops photonic (fiber optic) sensing hardware and software, including miniature field-deployable sensing hubs, prognostics and health monitoring systems, and model-based systems engineering tools for synthesizing networked control systems from SysMLv2 models.
Deep TechDefense TechHardwareSan Ramon, US
Orbital Sidekick operates hyperspectral imaging satellites and provides data analysis for commercial operators in energy, mining, and agriculture, as well as environmental monitoring and national security applications.
Deep TechDefense TechSpace TechSan Francisco, US
Daniel Katz(Executive Officer, Director)Tushar Prabhakar(Executive Officer, Director)Sam Dobbyn(Director)Christopher Smith(Director)Donna See(Director)
Co-investorsSNÖ VenturesStarbridge Venture Capital Llc11.2 CapitalEnergy Innovation CapitalIn-Q-TelONEOK+2 more
Parallel Domain creates synthetic data for autonomous systems development, addressing data generation bottlenecks in the industry.
AI & Machine LearningData & InfrastructureDeep TechRoboticsMenlo Park, US
Kevin McNamara(Founder)inZack Novak(Chief Executive Officer)in
BoardSunil Nagaraj(Director)in
Co-investorsAlumni VenturesBasecamp FundCalibrate VenturesFoundryMarch Capital PartnersRRE Ventures+3 more
Phoenix Group provides professional services and technical engineering solutions to the U.S. government, including the Department of Defense, and its allies.
Defense TechEnterprise SoftwareGovTechHardwareLogistics & Supply ChainChesapeake, US
Scott(Chief Executive Officer)Bill(Chief Operations Officer)Josh(Chief Financial Officer)Jesse(Chief Revenue Officer)Jim(Chief Innovation Officer)Ken(Chief Technology Officer)
Plasticity develops natural language processing technology and APIs for companies, organizations, and developers, enabling applications like social media monitoring, document analysis, search, and information extraction.
AI & Machine LearningData & InfrastructureDeveloper ToolsEnterprise SoftwareFuture of WorkSaaSSan Francisco, US
Ajay Patel(Founder)inAlex Sands(Founder)in
Co-investorsDorm RoomY CombinatorRough Draft VenturesZillionize
Privoro develops phone-independent hardware and solutions that protect smartphones and their data from tracking and hacking, serving corporate and government/Federal clients.
CybersecurityDefense TechHardwareChandler, US
Mike Fong(Founder & CEO)inMichael Campbell(Head of Government and Federal Business)inJames Kavanaugh(Director)David Husband(CFO)
BoardPankaj Patel(Director)
Co-investorsJC2 VenturesTracker Capital
PTFS provides software solutions for government and organizational data management, including full-text search and discovery systems, records management, and document sanitization workflows.
AI & Machine LearningCloud ComputingData & InfrastructureEdTechEnterprise SoftwareGovTechSaaS
QuantCAD develops quantum sensing and computing technologies, specializing in spintronic devices and quantum measurement applications for research and commercial use.
Deep TechHardwareQuantum ComputingChicago, US
Jennifer Flatté(CEO)Michael Flatté(Chief Science Officer)
Rocky Mountain Scientific Laboratory develops advanced materials, weapons systems, and engineering solutions for military and law enforcement agencies, including explosive materials, armaments, and defensive technologies.
Deep TechDefense TechDenver, US
Travis Swanson(Cofounder and CEO)
Sabel Systems provides a digital engineering ecosystem that integrates digital tools, artificial intelligence, and secure computing environments to support the engineering and operations lifecycle.
AI & Machine LearningDefense TechDeveloper ToolsEnterprise SoftwareGovTechSpace Tech
Mike Magnusson(SVP, President, Space Digital)Shawn Purvis(CEO)Travis Hohn(CEO)
Saber Astronautics provides spacecraft mission operations, integrated space traffic management, and software for government and commercial space operators.
Defense TechSaaSSpace Tech
Scaled Power develops TurboGen, a patented turbogenerator for long-endurance electric vehicles and commercial drones that offers superior performance compared to battery-only, piston, and fuel cell systems.
CleantechDeep TechEnergyHardwareSan Francisco, US
Rory Keogh(President/CEO)Seth Kessler(CFO)
Second Front delivers software solutions to government and allied democracies to accelerate access to emerging technologies.
Defense TechDeveloper ToolsGovTechSaaSArlington, US
Peter Dixon(Founder)inTyler Sweatt(Founder)inMark Butler(Founder)inNate Hughes(Founder)Patrick Ryan(Founder)
BoardAlberto Yepez(Director)
Co-investors137 VenturesAbstract VenturesArtis VenturesBattery VenturesBoeing HorizonX VenturesBooz Allen Ventures+7 more
Sempulse provides a platform for real-time monitoring and analysis of patient vital signs, combining cloud-based data management with machine learning-driven insights for healthcare teams.
AI & Machine LearningDigital HealthHealthtechMedical DevicesSaaS
Co-investorsElevate Ventures
SHEPRA delivers custom business solutions to government and commercial clients using data analytics, artificial intelligence, and visualization techniques.
Data & InfrastructureDefense TechEnterprise SoftwareGovTechLogistics & Supply Chain
Stephen Roadfeldt(Founder)
Xoilac TV is a Vietnamese website that streams live football (soccer) matches for free with Vietnamese-language commentary, covering leagues such as the Premier League, La Liga, Serie A, Bundesliga, V-League, World Cup and Euro.
ConsumerMedia & EntertainmentSports TechDa Nang, VN
Co-investorsNueterra Capital
Solestial develops and manufactures radiation-hardened silicon solar power modules for satellites and space applications.
CleantechDeep TechEnergyHardwareSpace TechTempe, US
Stan Herasimenka(CTO and Co-Founder)inMikhail Reginevich(Chief Engineer, Tooling and R and Co-Founder)inAndrew Atherton(Executive Officer, Director, Promoter)Margo de Naray(President and CEO)in
BoardBeckett Jackson(Director)Mathieu Costes(Director)in
Co-investorsBoeing HorizonX VenturesCrosscut VenturesGlobal BrainIndustrious VenturesNextwave [X] PartnersSilent Capital+4 more
A defense company operating under the brand Certus Innovations, offering leadership, technology, and training services.
Defense Tech
Street Smarts builds virtual reality simulation, content, and data systems for standards-based weapons and readiness training, letting military and uniformed units run repeatable, measurable training without range time, ammunition, or on-site instructors.
Deep TechDefense TechEdTechHardwareSaaSNew York, US
Co-investorsDorm RoomHighsage VenturesNext Coast Ventures
Supercool Metals makes lightweight, high-strength, geometrically complex hardware components and subsystems using a patented manufacturing process, offering end-to-end capabilities from material science to finished assemblies.
Advanced ManufacturingHardwareNew Materials
Co-investorsOK Computer
Thermal Wave Imaging develops thermographic nondestructive testing systems for quality control and inspection in aerospace, power generation, automotive, and electronics manufacturing.
Advanced ManufacturingDeep TechHardware
Two Six Technologies builds cyber defense and operational technology for national security missions, including object-level data encryption, AI-driven information operations platforms, data analytics, electronic sensor systems, and secure communications.
CybersecurityDefense TechGovTech
Trek10 is an AWS Premier Tier Services Partner that provides cloud consulting and managed services, including a dedicated Anthropic practice for deploying Claude in production.
AI & Machine LearningCloud ComputingEnterprise SoftwareSouth Bend, US
Andrew Warzon(Executive Officer, Director)James Abercrombie(Executive Officer, Director)
Co-investorsElevate Ventures
TriboTEX develops nanotechnology-based machine coatings for engines, transmissions, and gearboxes that reverse wear and improve performance.
Advanced ManufacturingCleantechDeep TechMobility & TransportationNew Materials
Dr. Pavlo Rudenko(Founder & Chief Technology Officer)
Terran Orbital manufactures satellites and spacecraft platforms with interchangeable, configurable components for a range of mission sizes and requirements.
Defense TechHardwareSpace Tech
URSA Secure builds formal methods software to verify AI-generated code before production, helping companies reduce rework, prevent incidents, and accelerate modernization of large codebases.
AI & Machine LearningCybersecurityDeveloper ToolsIoTRoboticsExeter, US
Co-investorsTechstars
Vana is a technology consulting firm that helps organizations align their strategic objectives with technology through digital transformation, process optimization, and cloud migration services.
Cloud ComputingDeveloper ToolsDigital HealthEnterprise SoftwareGovTechDayton, US
Sunit ShethSrujal Sheth
Veracity Engineering provides systems engineering, design, and implementation services for aviation communications, air traffic control systems, and airport surface surveillance technologies serving the Federal Aviation Administration and government aviation programs.
CybersecurityDefense TechGovTechNorthern Virginia, US
Tran(CEO)
Vertex Solutions provides services to government agencies through various contracting vehicles including GSA schedules and military-specific contracts.
Defense TechEdTechEnterprise SoftwareGovTechHR Tech
Co-investorsOne Planet Group
Zenith develops stratospheric aircraft, telecommunications, resilient systems, and autonomy technologies to deliver aerial networks aimed at closing the digital divide.
Deep TechHardwarePalo Alto, US
Vijay Ullal(Director)Raphael Nardari(Executive Officer, Director)Yitao Zhuang(Executive Officer, Director)
BoardJohn Frankel(Director)in
Co-investorsFf Venture CapitalCorrelation Ventures
Rows marked “SEC filing” are inferred from directors named on the company's SEC Form D — public regulatory data, not a portfolio list published by the firm.

























































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