/Companies

Starcloud

Unicorn · $2.3BYC S24

Redmond, US · Founded 2024 · 12 employees · 97 known investors

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Starcloud is a deep-tech company building large-scale data center infrastructure designed to operate in space. Its team comes from aerospace and cloud-hardware backgrounds including SpaceX, Amazon's Leo satellite constellation, Microsoft Azure, and fusion energy programs.

Also known as Lumen Orbit · Lumen Orbit, Inc. · Lumen Orbit, Inc., Lumen Orbit, Star Cloud · Star Cloud · Starcloud · Starcloud, Inc.

Founders & leadership· Y Combinator alumni (S24)

Starcloud was founded in 2024 by Philip Johnston, Ezra Feilden, Adi Oltean, and Paul Adrian Oltean.

PJPhilip Johnston
Philip JohnstonCEOPhilip Johnston is a second-time founder with prior experience at McKinsey & Co., where he worked on satellite initiatives for government space agencies. He holds an MPA in National Security & Technology from Harvard University, an MBA from Wharton, and an MA in Applied Mathematics & Theoretical Physics from Columbia University, and is a CFA Charter holder.
EFEzra Feilden
Ezra FeildenCo-Founder & CTOEzra Feilden has over a decade of experience in satellite design and deployable structures, with prior roles at Airbus Defense & Space (SSTL) and Oxford Space Systems. He holds a PhD in Materials Engineering from Imperial College London.
AOAdi Oltean
Adi OlteanCo-Founder and Chief EngineerAdi Oltean has worked at SpaceX and Microsoft on satellite networks, operating systems, cloud, and machine learning infrastructure. He is now focused on the software, hardware, and engineering design of Starcloud's satellite constellation.
PA
Paul Adrian OlteanCo-founder
PJ
Philip Johnston Ezra FeildenFounder

Board

MBMorgan Beller
Morgan BellerBoard directorInvestor at NFX

Investors · 97

Ambush Capitallisted by Ambush CapitalNew York

How we know: Y Combinator's founder network · Not right? Tell us

Nebularlisted by NebularNew York

How we know: press coverage · research · research · techcrunch.com · Y Combinator's founder network · Not right? Tell us

NFXlisted by NFXSan Francisco · $250K – $5M

How we know: NFX's portfolio page · board seat on SEC Form D · offering press articles · press coverage · funding news · research · geekwire.com · open dataset · 5k.vc investor directory · Y Combinator's founder network · Not right? Tell us

The MBA Fundlisted by The MBA Fund

How we know: Y Combinator's founder network · Not right? Tell us

468 CapitalreportedBerlin

How we know: the VCSheet dataset · research · geekwire.com · Y Combinator's founder network · Not right? Tell us

Andreessen HorowitzreportedMenlo Park · $500K – $50M

How we know: Wikidata · offering press articles · Y Combinator's founder network · research · geekwire.com · Not right? Tell us

Bow CapitalreportedMenlo Park · $5M

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Capitalize VCreportedChicago · $100K – $200K

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Carya Venture PartnersreportedPalo Alto

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Chenel Capital PartnersreportedNew York

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Cherry VenturesreportedBerlin · $2.2M – $7.7M

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Dunamu & PartnersreportedSeoul

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E1 VenturesreportedSan Francisco

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ExplorereportedLynnwood

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Human VenturesreportedNew York · $250K – $500K

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Hyperguapreported

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Inflection.xyzreportedBoston · $500K – $2M

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Kube VCreported

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Legion Venturesreported

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Mergus VenturesreportedSão Paulo · $100K – $1M

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Recursion Venturesreported

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RRE VenturesreportedNew York · $5M – $15M

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SaxeCap AdvisorsreportedSan Francisco

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Sequoia CapitalreportedMenlo Park · $100K – $50M

How we know: Wikidata · offering press articles · funding news · research · techcrunch.com · Y Combinator's founder network · Not right? Tell us

Sixty Degree CapitalreportedNorth York

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Sunshine LakereportedN Las Vegas

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Syntax Capitalreported

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Zachary Ginsburg FundsreportedLynnwood

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Also in the syndicate · 30

776 VenturesAdjacentAndreessen Horowitz scout fundBenjamin BryantCaffeinated Capital VCDennis MuilenburgEmmanuelle ZaouiExisting seed investorsForeword.vcFuse VenturesJan LeikeJeff ArnoldJoe LallouzKevin JohnsonKulveer TaggarMacquarie Capital administered fundsMarquee VenturesMonolith Power SystemsNebular.vcPareto HoldingPareto Holding VCPlug & PlayPlug & Play VCPlug and PlayPrashant SuryakumarRichard AbermanRobin ChoySequoia Capital scout fundSequoia scout fundStephen Wilson

Funding

SEC filings, press & company announcements

$354.1M disclosed across 3 of 16 rounds · 2024–2026

▶$14.1MraisedJan 2025 · 65 investors · Other Technology
Rule 506(b)
Officers, directors & promoters on the filing
  • Morgan BellerDirector
  • Ezra FeildenExecutive Officer, Director
  • Paul Adrian OlteanExecutive Officer, Director
  • Philip JohnstonExecutive Officer, Director
Offering amount
$14.1M
Amount sold
$14.1M
Minimum investment
$500
First sale
Dec 2024
Incorporated
Corporation, Delaware, 2023
Federal exemptions
06b
Full filing on SEC EDGAR ↗

Source: SEC EDGAR Form D. Amounts as filed; amended filings shown once at their latest values.

Valuation · disclosed

Disclosed events
$2.3Bvaluation at Series A extensionAug 2026
filing ↗
$1.1Bvaluation at $170m Series AMar 2026
filing ↗
$1.1Bvaluation at Series AMar 2026
filing ↗
$40Mvaluation at $11m SeedDec 2024
filing ↗
$40Mvaluation at SeedDec 2024
filing ↗

Source: SEC prospectus filings, and round valuations the company or its investors disclosed — follow each entry's link for the claim.

The YC application· Summer 2024 batch

Company profile

researched Aug 2026

Philip Johnston, Ezra Feilden and Adi Oltean founded the company in January 2024 as Lumen Orbit, initially in El Segundo before relocating to the Seattle-area space/cloud cluster in Redmond. Johnston brought satellite consulting and startup/finance experience; Feilden had a decade designing satellite structures and deployable solar arrays at Airbus/SSTL and Oxford Space Systems; Oltean had led Starlink-to-spacecraft tracking-beam software at SpaceX after two decades engineering Microsoft's large GPU systems. The founders argued that launch-cost declines could make orbit attractive for AI compute: near-continuous solar generation without batteries, no terrestrial grid/land/water permit constraint, and radiator-based heat rejection. The first near-term market is edge processing for Earth-observation and other spacecraft, which avoids downlinking raw data; later stages would uplink terrestrial workloads, address data-sovereignty/security cases and ultimately compete with Earth data centers. The company completed YC S24, raised a $2.4m pre-seed, an $11m NFX-led seed at a $40m valuation and a $10m SAFE extension, then added unitemized strategic capital including In-Q-Tel. It changed its name to Starcloud in February 2025 after Lumen Technologies asserted rights in 'Lumen' for data centers. Starcloud-1, a roughly 60kg satellite launched on SpaceX Bandwagon-4 on November 2, 2025, carried a liquid-cooled NVIDIA H100, solar array, radiative thermal system and software error mitigation. In December it ran Google's Gemma and trained/inferenced a small NanoGPT model on Shakespeare—the first publicly reported in-orbit LLM training. This is a meaningful flight demonstration, not a hyperscale data center. In March 2026 Starcloud filed an FCC application for as many as 88,000 satellites and raised a $170m Series A at a $1.1b valuation. Benchmark led the initial tranche; Benchmark and EQT Ventures co-led the extension, with Macquarie-administered funds, NFX, Nebular, YC, Adjacent, Seven Seven Six, Fuse, Manhattan West, Monolith Power Systems and angels. Public sources round cumulative funding to $200m, although separately disclosed rounds total $193.4m and reporting conflicts on whether pre-Series A capital was $30m or $34m. Starcloud-2 is planned for October 2026 with 100x Starcloud-1's power, a large deployable radiator, NVIDIA Blackwell B200, AWS Outposts/server hardware and bitcoin-mining ASICs, running workloads for partners including Crusoe, AWS, Google Cloud and NVIDIA. Starcloud-3 is intended for Starship-class deployment around 2028 and scale-up manufacturing. The commercial thesis depends heavily on Starship or equivalent launch economics for terrestrial workloads; current Falcon 9 costs support only narrower in-space processing. Large-scale risks include launch slips/failures, radiation, thermal rejection, communications bandwidth/latency, hardware obsolescence and repair, collision/debris and deorbit performance, spectrum and environmental approval, rocket/re-entry emissions, light pollution, manufacturing capital intensity and competition from SpaceX, Blue Origin, Google Project Suncatcher, Axiom, Aetherflux and other orbital-compute projects.

Founding story

The founders combined a finance/space-strategy thesis with practical experience in satellite solar structures, Starlink links and Azure-scale GPU systems. They incorporated in January 2024, moved to Redmond for aerospace/cloud talent and published an orbital-data-center white paper during YC S24.

Business model

Owns/deploys orbital compute spacecraft and sells edge/hyperscale compute, hosting and potentially energy/compute capacity under long-term contracts.

Prospective reserved compute, satellite edge-processing and cloud/energy offtake contracts; no public price card and no verified material commercial revenue disclosed.

Traction

Starcloud-1 successfully reached orbit in November 2025 and ran Gemma plus trained/inferenced NanoGPT in December. Company reported committed contracts for processing data from other spacecraft, with identities/amounts undisclosed. Partner workload plans include Crusoe, AWS, Google Cloud and NVIDIA. Team was 13 in March 2026.

Latest developments

Raised $170m at $1.1b on March 30, 2026 and grew manufacturing plans. FCC review of the 88,000-satellite system is pending. Starcloud-2 is scheduled for October 2026 with NVIDIA Blackwell, AWS server hardware, bitcoin ASICs and partner/customer workloads; no launch or commercial completion should be inferred as of August 17.

▸Full profile — market position, technology, go-to-market, geography, history, ownership, risks & controversies

Market position

Highly capitalized orbital-compute pioneer with the first modern data-center GPU flight, but still before commercially scaled compute; now competes with far larger vertically integrated space/cloud entrants.

First mover with flight telemetry from an H100-class data-center GPU and an in-orbit training experiment, plus founders spanning hyperscale GPU clusters, Starlink connectivity and deployable space structures.

Technology

Solar-powered LEO spacecraft with data-center GPUs, liquid/thermal loops and deployable radiators; radiation shielding and software error correction; large deployable solar structures; optical/RF networking; spacecraft edge compute; planned AWS Outposts/Blackwell integration; in-house satellite manufacturing.

Go-to-market

Technology demonstrations and flight heritage, strategic co-development with NVIDIA/AWS/Google Cloud/Crusoe, government/intelligence relationships through In-Q-Tel, direct capacity/offtake contracts and staged spacecraft scaling.

Earth-observation, defense and other satellite operators needing low-latency in-orbit processing; hyperscalers, AI labs and enterprises seeking power-constrained or sovereign compute.

Spacecraft operators; cloud platforms; AI model developers; national-security agencies; data-sovereignty buyers; eventually general-purpose data-center customers.

Geography

Founded in El Segundo and headquartered/manufacturing in Redmond, Washington; spacecraft operate in low Earth orbit and planned customers/partners are global.

History

January 2024 formation as Lumen Orbit; $2.4m pre-seed and YC S24; $11m NFX seed at $40m in December 2024; renamed Starcloud and added $10m SAFE in February 2025; built/launched Starcloud-1 in November and demonstrated in-orbit AI in December 2025; filed 88,000-satellite FCC plan in February/March 2026; raised $170m Series A at $1.1b March 30; preparing Starcloud-2 for October 2026 and manufacturing toward Starcloud-3/Starship deployments.

Ownership

Privately held by founders, employees and a wide investor base led by Benchmark, EQT Ventures and NFX; strategic/earlier backers include In-Q-Tel, YC, Fuse, Soma, a16z/Sequoia scout vehicles, 468 Capital, Nebular and others. Exact ownership is undisclosed.

Risks & controversies

The 88,000-satellite application drew space-sustainability and environmental scrutiny. Secure World Foundation argued that apparently acceptable per-satellite post-mission disposal/collision/casualty probabilities could become material at constellation scale and requested system-level analysis. Broader critics cite astronomy/light pollution, atmospheric launch/re-entry pollutants, strategic-material loss and debris. Technical/economic risks include launch dependency, no physical maintenance, radiation faults, radiator size and heat rejection, downlink bottlenecks, GPU obsolescence, collision avoidance, FCC/spectrum/NEPA review and a business case that CEO acknowledges requires substantially cheaper launch for terrestrial workloads.

Compiled by commissioned research from 18 cited public sources — announcements, filings, and press listed under research sources below.

Key figures

latest reported
Claimed cost to launch a 40MW orbital data centerMar 2025$8.2M
EmployeesJan 202615 people
HeadcountAug 202661
In orbit gpu compute upliftNov 2025100 times company claim
Months from yc demo to unicornMar 202617 months
Planned constellation size (FCC filing)Feb 202688,000 satellites
Planned early constellation size (VLEO in-orbit ground station)Mar 2024300 satellites
Planned constellation satellitesMar 202688,000 satellites maximum
Series a valuationMar 2026$1.1B
Starcloud 1 massNov 202560 kilograms approximate
Starcloud-1 expected mission lifetimeMar 202511 months
Starcloud-1 orbital altitudeMar 2025325 km
Starcloud-1 satellite massMar 202560 kg
Team sizeMar 202613 people
Total funding raised (seed stage)Mar 2025$21M

Company-reported or press-reported figures, each dated to when it was claimed — not independently audited.

Images

Starcloud photo

Founder mafia

4 people who came through Starcloud went on to found or lead other companies.

Related companies · 7

Capella SpaceCapella Space designs, builds, and operates synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite constellations that provide all-weather, day-and-night Earth observation imagery at sub-0.25m resolution. It offers an automated end-to-end tasking and data delivery platform serving defense and intelligence, maritime, disaster response, and infrastructure monitoring customers.
AlbedoAlbedo develops a flight-proven platform for Very Low Earth Orbit operations, providing satellite-based insights and connectivity services for national security and critical infrastructure systems. The company focuses on making space infrastructure operationally viable and resilient.
NVIDIANVIDIA designs GPUs, AI computing hardware, and software platforms for AI development, data centers, autonomous vehicles, and robotics, serving developers, researchers, and enterprises. Its offerings include AI models, power architecture for AI factories, and compute infrastructure used across industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and automotive.
WyvernWyvern develops high-resolution hyperspectral imaging satellites and delivers satellite-based earth observation data for model-based predictions. The company operates a satellite constellation in the space technology and remote sensing sector.
Orbio EarthOrbio Earth provides satellite-based methane emission data to financial investors and institutions, replacing traditional estimation methods used in the oil and gas sector. The company uses satellite imagery to monitor methane releases from oil and gas facilities globally, enabling investment firms to assess regulatory compliance risks and identify higher-performing operators.
Hubble NetworkHubble has created a Bluetooth connection to space and is building a global, battery-efficient, and cost-effective network using satellite technology.
Zephyr FusionZephyr Fusion develops compact, in-orbit fusion power systems for space-based applications including microgravity manufacturing, data centers, defense, propulsion, and human habitation. The company leverages fusion technology to provide megawatt-class power generation for space industry customers.

Companies working in the same space as Starcloud.

Customers & partners

Named customers · 5

Amazon Web ServicesCrusoeGoogle CloudNVIDIAUndisclosed Earth-observation/spacecraft operators

Relationships the company or its partners disclosed publicly — case studies, joint announcements, press.

Timeline · 21

launches, deals, and filings
Aug 2026
$250M raise at $2.3bn valuation

Starcloud raised an additional $250M at a $2.3bn valuation, with NVIDIA investing $25M and Cisco and Benchmark participating; Payload described it as an extension of the March 2026 Series A.

$250M source ↗

May 2026
SpaceX contract for Starlink mini-lasers on next 25 satellites

Starcloud signed a contract with SpaceX to integrate Starlink mini-lasers onto its next 25 satellites for high-bandwidth, low-latency connectivity.

source ↗

Mar 2026
$170M Series A at $1.1bn valuation

Series A led by Benchmark and EQT Ventures made Starcloud the fastest company to reach unicorn status in Y Combinator history, 17 months after completing the program.

$170M source ↗

Mar 2026
FCC accepted 88,000-satellite application for filing

Application entered review; acceptance is not authorization to deploy.

source ↗

Mar 2026
Starcloud orbital data center constellation applicationlegal

Starcloud seeks authority for up to 88,000 LEO data-center satellites. Secure World Foundation comments request system-level collision, disposal, casualty, interference and sustainable-access analysis rather than reliance on per-satellite thresholds.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission · Accepted for filing, not granted as of August 17, 2026; public/environmental and technical review remains outstanding. source ↗

Mar 2026
Announced plan to mine Bitcoin in space on Starcloud-2

The company said it intended to be the first to mine Bitcoin in space, flying bitcoin mining ASICs on its second satellite, Starcloud-2.

source ↗

Feb 2026
FCC filing for constellation of up to 88,000 satellites

Starcloud submitted a proposal to the FCC for a constellation of as many as 88,000 satellites for orbital data centers.

source ↗

Dec 2025
First reported LLM trained in orbit

Starcloud-1 trained/inferenced NanoGPT on Shakespeare and ran a Gemma model; demonstration was small-scale.

source ↗

Dec 2025
Ran and trained large language models in orbit

Starcloud reported being the first company to operate a large language model (Google DeepMind's Gemma) on a high-powered GPU aboard a spacecraft, and the first to perform in-orbit training of a large language model (nanoGPT).

source ↗

Nov 2025
Starcloud-1 launched

SpaceX Bandwagon-4 deployed the 60kg H100-equipped demonstration satellite into LEO.

source ↗

Nov 2025
Starcloud-1 demonstrator launched on SpaceX Falcon 9

The 60 kg Starcloud-1 (Lumen-1) satellite, built on Astro Digital's Corvus-Micro bus, was deployed from a Falcon 9 into a 325 km low Earth orbit carrying an Nvidia H100 GPU to test training, inference and edge compute workloads; expected mission life was 11 months. Iridium worked with the company on the project.

source ↗

Oct 2025
Agreement with Crusoe to deploy Crusoe Cloud on a Starcloud satellite

Crusoe will deploy its Crusoe Cloud platform on a Starcloud satellite planned for late 2026, with orbital GPU capacity expected to be offered from early 2027.

source ↗

Mar 2025
Rebranded from Lumen Orbit to Starcloud

The company changed its name to Starcloud following a legal challenge from Lumen Technologies, which holds rights to 'Lumen' for data centers, and announced $10M of additional seed funding taking the seed total to $21M.

source ↗

Feb 2025
Lumen Orbit became Starcloud

Changed name after Lumen Technologies asserted Lumen rights in data-center context.

source ↗

Dec 2024
$11M seed round at $40M valuation led by NFX

Closed an oversubscribed $11M seed round at a $40M valuation; NFX general partner Morgan Beller joined the board. More than 200 VCs reached out to the company, prompting an additional SAFE at a higher valuation.

$11M source ↗

Sep 2024
Published white paper "Why we should train AI in space"

Co-founders Feilden, Oltean and Johnston released a white paper arguing for training AI in orbit and outlining candidate architectures.

source ↗

Jul 2024
Y Combinator S24

Released orbital-data-center thesis/white paper and attracted unusually high investor interest.

source ↗

Mar 2024
Emerged from stealth as Lumen Orbit with $2.4M pre-seed

The company came out of stealth with $2.4M in funding from eight firms plus more than a dozen angel investors, to build in-orbit edge processing that speeds up downlink for satellite operators.

$2.4M source ↗

Jan 2024
Lumen Orbit founded

Company began in El Segundo and moved to Redmond the following month.

source ↗

Jan 2024
Completed Y Combinator Summer 2024 batch

Lumen Orbit went through Y Combinator's Summer 2024 program in San Francisco, where it was selected by Tom Blomfield and raised one of the largest seed rounds at demo day.

source ↗

Jan 2024
Selected for Nvidia Inception, Google Cloud Accelerator and DIU Accelerator

The company was selected as a member of the Nvidia Inception program, the Google Cloud Accelerator and the Defense Innovation Unit Accelerator; its demonstrator satellite plan was pursued in partnership with Nvidia's Inception program.

source ↗

Dated company events from announcements, filings, and press; legal rows summarize public dockets and regulator releases.

Legal entities · 4

corporate structure
Lumen OrbitDelaware
Lumen Orbit, Inc.
Starcloud, Inc.United States (state not independently verified) · active
Starcloud, Inc.

In the news

▸Research sources · 18

primary sources listed

18 public sources were cited for this profile; the first-party ones are listed here.

Frequently asked questions

What does Starcloud do?
Redmond space-infrastructure company developing solar-powered orbital data centers; flew the first NVIDIA H100 in orbit and trained NanoGPT there, but gigawatt-scale commercial economics and an 88,000-satellite constellation remain prospective.
Who founded Starcloud?
Starcloud was founded by Philip Johnston, Ezra Feilden, Adi Oltean, Paul Adrian Oltean in 2024.
Who are Starcloud's investors?
Starcloud's investors include Ab Capital Holding BV, Ambush Capital, Cisco Investments, Dnx Ventures, Dragon Capital, FUSE, Gaingels, Ground Up Ventures and 59 more.
How much funding has Starcloud raised?
Starcloud has disclosed $354.1M raised across 3 of its 16 known rounds.
Where is Starcloud headquartered?
Starcloud is headquartered in Redmond, US.