Twin Health

Twin Health, Inc. was founded in September 2018 by serial IoT entrepreneur Jahangir Mohammed, software/analytics architect Terry Poon and Indian computer-science academic Maluk Mohamed. Mohammed previously founded Kineto Wireless and Jasper Technologies; Cisco bought Jasper's IoT platform for $1.4bn-$1.45bn in 2016. Poon was Jasper's lead architect/VP Engineering after Oracle and holds MIT computer-science/economics degrees. Maluk earned a distributed mobile-computing PhD from IIT Madras, founded the MAM education group and runs Twin's India research/operations. They applied the industrial 'digital twin' concept—continuously modeling a physical system from sensor data—to human metabolism. Twin launched its India service in 2019, then built U.S. employer/health-plan distribution from Mountain View. The product is a virtual-care benefit for adults with obesity, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic comorbidities. Members use a mobile app, connected devices such as continuous glucose monitors, activity/sleep sensors and smart scales, laboratory results and meal/behavior logs. Machine-learning models update a representation of the individual's glucose, nutrition, sleep, activity and preference response, while physicians, nurses and health coaches provide continuous guidance. The intended output is not merely a prediction but daily personalized nutrition/activity/sleep/stress recommendations and clinician-governed medication deprescribing. Twin explicitly states medication changes remain the treating physician's independent decision and that the app is not emergency care. U.S. access is primarily sponsored by an employer, health plan, PBM or provider; the public enrollment page asks the member to check benefit eligibility and no direct-consumer cash price is posted. Commercial contracts use performance-based/all-fees-at-risk pricing: Twin says clients pay only when agreed clinical milestones such as A1C reduction, weight loss or medication elimination are achieved. Exact fees, contract lengths, measurement windows and exclusions are not public. Twin reports millions of eligible lives, 90%+ customer retention and under 1% voluntary member churn, but does not disclose enrolled members, clients, revenue, ARR, gross margin or profitability. It claims $8,000+ annualized savings per participant and later employer claims data around $9,047 in first-year savings; these are vendor/customer-analytic claims whose cohort, selection and attribution matter. Clinical evidence is stronger than marketing-only digital health but requires careful qualification. A Cleveland Clinic-led randomized trial registered as NCT05181449 compared Twin Precision Treatment with usual care in roughly a 100:50 allocation over one year. The 2025 NEJM Catalyst report found 71% of intervention participants achieved HbA1c below 6.5% while using fewer glucose-lowering medications versus 2.4% of usual-care participants; company materials report 92% eliminated at least one drug, 85% reduction/elimination in GLP-1 use, 46% insulin elimination and 27-pound average weight loss. The intervention is a bundle—sensors, frequent data, lifestyle changes, coaching and clinical deprescribing—so the results do not isolate the causal contribution of the proprietary 'digital twin' algorithm. Eligibility excluded or limited patients with important comorbidities and required smartphone engagement, and results may not generalize to lower-engagement, more complex or broader populations. Earlier one-year and three-year peer-reviewed studies reported substantial remission/medication changes but many authors were company affiliated and some designs lacked randomized controls. 'Reverse' and 'heal' are used in company marketing; durable remission after program discontinuation and outcomes such as cardiovascular events/mortality are not established. Funding is unusually inconsistent across filings and databases. Public round headlines show approximately $18m Series A in June 2020, $25m-$25.5m Series B in October 2020, $140m Series C in October 2021, $50m Series D led by Temasek in December 2023 and $53m Series E led by Maj Invest in August 2025 at a reported $950m valuation. That announced round series sums to about $286m. SEC filings show $14,079,998, $25.5m, $154.81m and $48,838,180 sold in four offerings, with the Series C filing exceeding the $140m headline and the Series E filing preceding the $53m final close. In November 2025 Twin told Business Insider it had raised $308m total; this is the best current company-reported cumulative figure, but about $22m cannot be allocated from the public headline rounds. It may reflect earlier/extended closes, and must not be fabricated as an extra round. Investors across rounds include Sequoia Capital, Corner Ventures, Perceptive Advisors, ICONIQ Growth, Sofina, Peak XV (formerly Sequoia India/SEA), LTS Investments, Helena, Temasek, Maj Invest, Benchmark and other undisclosed purchasers. Board/director filings identify Mohammed, Benchmark's Bruce Dunlevie, Peak XV's Mohit Bhatnagar, ICONIQ's Caroline Xie, Temasek's Ravi Lambah, former Starbucks CEO Kevin Johnson and former Cleveland Clinic CEO Toby Cosgrove; current service for every historic filing director should be reconfirmed. By 2025-26 Twin employed roughly 763 people on LinkedIn, with substantial clinical, operations and engineering teams in the United States and India; the appropriate range is 501-1,000, not a precise payroll count. Twin partners with Cleveland Clinic investigators and in October 2025 announced a Peloton integration that gives eligible members Peloton App One content and personalized workout recommendations, with optional discounted hardware/membership routes. It competes for employer/plan cardiometabolic budgets with Omada Health, Virta Health, Teladoc/Livongo, Dario, Lark, Vida, Noom, WeightWatchers/Sequence, Hinge Health metabolic offerings and GLP-1-focused providers, as well as conventional primary/endocrinology care. Its differentiation is continuous multi-sensor modeling joined to human clinical care and medication de-escalation with outcomes-based contracting. Risk is high because recommendations and deprescribing affect health. Bad sensor data, model drift, low engagement, restrictive diets, hypoglycemia or delayed escalation can harm members; clinicians remain responsible but automation/scale can influence judgment. The service processes HIPAA-protected data, continuous glucose, medications, labs, diet, sleep, activity and behavioral inferences across devices, clouds and India/U.S. operations, creating breach, authorization, minimum-necessary, cross-border and consumer-health privacy exposure. State telehealth licensure, corporate practice of medicine, prescribing/deprescribing, reimbursement, FDA software-as-medical-device boundaries, marketing-claim substantiation and FTC Health Breach Notification Rule compliance are material. No material Twin-specific filed litigation, regulator action, recall or confirmed breach was found in manual review. Sector controversies affecting Hims, GoodRx and others are risk context, not Twin events. Twin's terms impose individual arbitration, disclaim guaranteed outcomes/accuracy and limit use to U.S. eligible states. Its India business/website separately markets paid diabetes reversal; operational, privacy, clinical and pricing differences between U.S. and India need country-specific diligence. The 2025 Series E funded expansion among plans and Fortune 500 employers. In May 2026 Twin introduced a precision GLP-1 stewardship message emphasizing appropriate initiation and off-ramps, positioning against indefinite expensive drug use. Key unknowns are current clients/member enrollment, financial economics of all-fees-at-risk contracts, actuarial validation and persistence of savings, full $308m funding reconciliation/cap table, Series E dilution, regulatory classification, model architecture/validation across demographics, data retention and provider-entity structure.

Founding story

After Cisco bought Mohammed and Poon's Jasper IoT platform, Mohammed joined Poon and academic Maluk Mohamed to apply real-time digital models used for connected machines to the more complex problem of each person's metabolism and chronic disease.

Business model

B2B2C virtual cardiometabolic care benefit for employers and health plans, combining proprietary AI/digital-twin software, connected devices, labs, physicians and health coaching under outcomes-based contracts.

Performance-based/all-fees-at-risk employer and health-plan contracts tied to clinical milestones; likely per-enrolled/engaged member and care/service economics. Direct prices and contractual measurement details are undisclosed; U.S. members generally access via sponsorship.

Traction

Company reports millions of eligible lives, 90%+ retention, <1% voluntary churn and $8k+ annualized savings/member. RCT: 71% reached A1C <6.5% with fewer glucose-lowering medications vs 2.4% usual care; company also reports 27lb average loss and major drug reductions. 763 LinkedIn employees observed in legacy snapshot. No verified enrolled-member, client, revenue or profitability counts.

Latest developments

Twin's Aug 2025 $53m Series E coincided with Cleveland Clinic-led randomized results; an Oct 2025 Peloton partnership added personalized fitness content. In May 2026 Twin emphasized precision GLP-1 stewardship—appropriate use plus a personalized medication off-ramp—and continues plan/employer expansion.